ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690010201

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe absorption and subsequent liquid‐phase reaction of oxygen was studied with two types of dispersion apparatus, the Venturi atomizer and the fritted‐glass disperser. The systems studied in both devices included the absorption of atmospheric oxygen by catalyzed sodium sulfite solutions and the simultaneous absorption of atmospheric oxygen with nitrogen dioxide and with sulfur dioxide by water.Very large values of the liquid‐film mass transfer coefficient for oxygen absorption were measured in the atomization zone of the Venturi atomizer. Over‐all recovery efficiencies were less than 2.3% for nitrogen dioxide but reached as much as 22% for sulfur dioxide. Oxidation efficiencies for sodium sulfite solutions ranged up to 80%, depending on the operating conditions.The fritted‐glass disperser gave recovery efficiencies of nitrogen dioxide as high as 90% from air containing 10% of the gas. The recovery efficiency decreased at low concentrations of nitrogen dioxide for both the Venturi atomizer and the fritted‐glas

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690010202

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690010203

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690010204

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough coarse, uniformly sized particles are not amenable to fluidization, it has been found possible by use of either gases or liquids to impart a regular cycling motion to a bed of this type of material in which the solids are rapidly carried upward by the fluid in a central well‐defined core within the bed. The particles move uniformly downward in the annular space surrounding the core, thus providing dense‐phase countercurrent contact between the fluid and the solids. There is no wall separating the core from the annulus. This method is called the spouted‐bed technique. The effect of column diameter, fluid inlet diameter, bed depth, and physical properties of solids and fluids on spouting behavior has been investigated. The minimum fluid velocity required for spouting has been correlated, and the flow pattern of the fluid and of the solids has been stuided. The technique has been applied to the drying of

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690010205

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe van der Waals' constanta a andb evaluated from structural considerations of the unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons are used to calculate the critical constants for these types of compounds. For these unsaturated hydrocarbons, both van der Waals' constants are calculated through the additive contribution of unsaturated bonds to the van der Waals' constants of the corresponding saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons calculated according to a method previously proposed (6).With both van der Waals' constants available, the critical temperatures, pressures, and volumes for these types of compounds can be obtained.By use of this approach, the critical temperatures, pressures, and volumes of several olefins, diolefins, and acetylenes have been calculated. These calculated values have been compared whenever possible with values reported in the literature to produce an average percentage deviation of 1.3 for the critical temperature, 3.0 for the critical pressure, and 1.5 for the critical volume. In this comparison questionable literature values have been included, and consequently the reported deviations present the worst possible expectation.

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690010206

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThrough the use of group contributions the van der Waals' constants,aandb, were estimated for a number of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons from a knowledge of the chemical structure of these compounds and were used to define the critical temperature and pressure of these substances.By the use of methane as the base group, both van der Waals' constants were estimated for a number of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons of considerable size and complexity through the additive contribution of methyl groups in the seccessive substitution of hydrogen until the desired structure of the substance was obtained. For the normal saturated hydrocarbons these contributions were found to be additive for the evaluation ofa0.626andb0.76up throughn‐octane, and these exponents have been assumed to apply in the scaling up of larger normal and isomeric hydrocarbon molecules for which experimental data are lacking.The volume van der Waals' constantbalone serves to define the critical volume of these compounds through the expression γc= 3 βb, where β represents a factor which has been found to depend on the size and arrangement of the molecule.By following this procedure the critical temperatures, pressures and volumes of the normal saturated hydrocarbons through eicosane (C20H42), inclusive, and all the isomeric hydrocarbons up to and through the nonanes were calculated and compared, whenever possible, with values already available in the literature with an agreement of 0.43% for the estimation of the critical temperature, 0.69% for the critical pressure, and 0.86% for the critical volume. A combined consideration of these average deviations points to the estimation of the critical constants of the aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons with an average error of

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690010207

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExperimental surface‐tension data for pure substances have been correlated successfully by the use of two recent modifications of the principle of corresponding states. The results are expressed in terms of simple analytical relations which allow one to calculate the surface‐tension curves either from the critical constantsPc,Vc, andTcor fromPc,Tc, and the boiling pointTband also provide a method for estimating critical properties from surface‐tension measurements. In addition, a method for estimating the surface tension of molten metals is sugg

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690010208

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOn the basis of fluid dynamic and heat transfer studies on falling‐film towers by various investigators, it has been commonly accepted by most workers that the liquid flow is essentially streamline in nature for liquid‐film Reynolds numbers under 1,800 to 2,000; conseuquently it would be expected that the rate of physical gas absorption in such liquid films could be predicted directly from a knowledge of molecular diffusion rates.Measurements of the absorption of pure gases in falling liquid films at low Reynolds numbers substantiated the findings of other investigators that the mass transfer rates were manyfold greater than could have been predicted if molecular diffusion were the only transfer process. Increased interfacial area due to rippling of the liquid films could not account for the large increase in mass transfer rates found, and experiments with the addition of a dye stream to the liquid at the freer interface indicated turbulence.Dissolution rates of slightly soluble solids coated on the tube wall to liquid films were measured and showed that the liquid film was not in laminar flow even for Reynolds numbers as low as 300.An explanation is proposed which resolves these apparently conflicting results between momentum and heat and mass transfer, based on the fact that mass transfer measurements provide a more sensitive test for the presence of turbulence than do momentum or heat transfer measureme

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690010209

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe type of surface of the perforated plate influences the performance of a perforated‐plate column. Pilot plant data on a 4‐in column for the system toluenediethylamine‐water at 20°C. show that when the water phase is dispersed and the direction of mass transfer is from the continuous toluene to the dispersed water phase polyethylene plates give a continuous stream of droplets and a higher efficiency, but that when the direction of mass transfer is from the dispersed water to the continuous toluene phase the metal plates give the higher effi

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690010210

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1955

数据来源: WILEY