ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690080202

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690080203

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLiquids forced from a high‐pressure zone into a low‐pressure zone often cross the equilibrium pressure for the liquid temperature and disintegrate into a spray by partial evolution of vapor. The ordinary aerosol dispenser is a common example of this operation, and flash boiling is another.This paper reports on a study of the sprays formed by such a process and of the mechanism of spray formation. Sprays from water and Freon‐11 jets were analyzed for drop sizes, drop velocities, and spray patterns. The breakup mechanism was analyzed and data presented to show some of the controlling factors.A critical superheat was found, above which the jet of liquid is shattered by rapid bubble growth within it. The bubble‐growth rate was correlated with the Weber number, and a critical value of the Weber number was found to be 12.5 for low‐viscosity liquids. The mean drop size was also correlated with Weber number and degree of superheat.The spray from rough orifices and sharp‐edged orifices was compared with sprays produced from cold liquids by other techniques and was found to be comparable in all respects except

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690080204

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA simple temperature dependent equation τ =K[Ṡ exp(ΔH‡/RT)]nis proposed to represent the rheological properties of pseudoplastic fluids. This equation is combined with the differential equations describing steady state laminar flow and heat conduction to a moving fluid when natural convection and thermal energy generation are negligible. The resulting equations are solved numerically for heating of both Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids in laminar flow in tubes of circular cross section with constant wall temperature. These numerical solutions are presented as generalized plots of Nusselt number vs. Graetz number withnand (ΔH‡/R) (1/Ti— 1/Tw) as parameters.Extensive experimental data were obtained for two pseudoplastic fluids, and, in the range where natural convection was unimportant, the mean deviation between the computed Nusselt numbers and measured Nusselt numb

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690080205

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents an empirical method for the prediction of vapor‐liquid equilibrium data of a binary system at various pressures on the basis of equilibrium data near atmospheric pressure. The proposed method is tested for six hydrocarbon systems and one aqueous system. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental dat

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690080206

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article proposes an empirical method for predicting the vapor‐liquid equilibrium data on binary hydrocarbon systems without any experimental data on the mixtures. The method was tested for twenty‐six systems under atmospheric pressure and three isothermal systems. The predicted results are in excellent agreement with experimental d

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690080207

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA series of experiments was designed to test the phenomenological theory of thermogravitational thermal diffusion columns by obtaining data on the steady state separation and approach to equilibrium in a batch column as a function of column length. Data were obtained on the separation of an equimolarn‐heptane‐benzene solution at five different values of column length varying from 14.5 in. to 6 ft. All measurements were made in one concentric cylinder column in which the effective length was varied by controlling the liquid level in the annulus. Helium gas was used to displace the air in the annulus above the liquid in order to provide even temperature distribution throughout the column. The data were found to substantiate the effect of length predicted by application of the phenomenological theory and to be in very good agreement with other aspects of the the

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690080208

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExperiments were conducted on the absorption of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions of monoethanolamine in a very short wetted‐wall column.When the absorption was effected from pure carbon dioxide streams, the results conformed to a theoretical relation for absorption combined with very fast second‐order reaction. This is in accordance with expectations based on the probable mechanism and rate of the reaction. The data indicate that there is no appreciable effect of nonequilibrium at the interface for this particular reaction system over the range of exposure times studied.When mixed gas streams were used, it was necessary to resort to empiricism to correlate the data, although the correlating expression arose from theoretical considerati

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690080209

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe general attributes of the hydrate process for demineralizing sea water are discussed, and it is shown that the economics of the process depend on the properties of the hydrating agent used. Eight new hydrates are reported, and the thermodynamic properties of three hydrate systems are presented in some detail: methyl bromide Freon 21, and Freon 31.

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690080210

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe catalytic dehydrations ofn‐butanol,n‐propanol, and ethanol to produce water and the respective olefins were studied for the temperature range 400° to 700°F. and over the pressure range 1 atm. to 100 lb./sq. in. gauge. Silica‐alumina catalyst in bead form was used. Dehydration rates were found to be consistent with a single‐site surface reaction‐controlled mechanism in which was superimposed a mass transfer effect internal to the catalyst pellets. Rate constants for the three reactions are presented. The significances of their relative values and their temperature and pressure dependencies ar

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690080211

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY