摘要:

AbstractIt is widely recognized that chemical engineering has important roles to play in the development of national and worldwide energy resources through optimal utilization of fossil fuel reserves. It is much less appreciated that there are crucial chemical engineering problems in the development of energy production from other sources. In particular, the successful development of nuclear fusion power generating systems will require the solution of many problems that are uniquely suited to chemical engineers.This paper presents a brief overview of the fusion development program for magnetically confined fusion power reactors and an identification of the major technological problems remaining to be solved.

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690230502

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStable isothermal multiplicities were observed during carbon monoxide oxidation in an integral reactor, filled with alumina supported platinum catalysts. The multiplicities were investigated in the conversion‐temperature, conversion‐inlet carbon monoxide concentration and conversion‐mass flow rate domains.The region of multiplicities was found to widen significantly upon catalyst aging which enhanced the pellets' diffusive resistances.Several intermediate stable steady states were found between the highest and lowest steady states, both experimentally and theoretically.All the above phenomena could be well interpreted by the interactions of the kinetics of carbon monoxide oxidation with intrapellet diffusion resist

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690230503

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is shown that temperatures and flows in a process network can be estimated from a quasi steady state model and a discrete Kalman filter. The data needed for such an application are readily available in many operating plants, and the computational requirements are within the capabilities of available process computers.

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690230504

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA novel distillation scheme which makes use of secondary reflux and vaporization to enhance thermal efficiency is presented. Low operating temperatures, close boiling mixture, and tight product specifications appear to favor this scheme over the conventional distillation. Computer simulation indicates a potential utility reduction of 50 to 75%.

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690230505

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe plex data structure is proposed for use in an advanced computing system to model chemical processes. The plex is shown to permit increased modularity and flexibility over systems with dimensioned array structures. Two methods are suggested to create and operate upon the plex: the problem oriented language and the problem oriented calling programs. The concept of a routing plex is introduced as a means for specifying the path of calculations when building block routines call upon other routines and choices exist at each level.

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690230506

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCarbon dioxide, oxygen, Freon 114, and butane were stripped from deionized water, sodium chloride solutions, and freshly acidified seawater in a vacuum‐spray chamber using three types of hydraulic nozzle. Purely physical desorption was found for each gas/liquid system.For both conical‐spray and fan‐jet nozzles, the bulk of the gas was shown to desorb from the thin liquid sheet issuing from the nozzle, that is, before droplet formation occurs. Behavior was explained semiquantitatively by a mathematical model of the diffusion in the sheet. This model was also shown to predict well the desorption from the laminar liquid sheets formed by jet impingement nozzles. For turbulent flow in jet impingement nozzles, the fit of the model was again semiquantit

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690230507

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExperimental data on vacuum‐spray stripping of sparingly soluble gases from aqueous solution using hydraulic nozzles were presented in part I of this communication. Mass transfer was shown to occur primarily from the thin liquid sheet issuing from the nozzle tip in semiquantitative accordance with an analytical model based on laminar flow behavior.Jet impingement hydraulic nozzles offer the advantages of simplicity and low operating cost in vacuum‐spray stripping. An empirical model for the turbulent flow regime has been developed to facilitate incorporating jet impingement nozzles into a vacuum stripper design. The results of an economic analysis comparing other types of industrial vacuum strippers with the proposed design of a jet impingement vacuum stripper show the latter process to compare very favorably in terms of estimated equipment size and cost and in expected operating c

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690230508

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe rate of pyrite oxidation in aqueous ferric chloride was determined for two distinct solid particle systems: industrial grade pyrite and coal particles containing pyrite. The oxidation rate for the pyrite particle system was found to increase significantly with increasing temperature (40° to 100°C), ferric chloride concentration (0.1 and 1.0 M), and pyrite loading (2 to 20 g/l); the rate decreased with increasing particle size (−325 to 140 mesh). Agitation did not have a significant effect, and a kinetic model was developed and fit to the experimental data.For the coal particle system used in this study, the most important variable was particle size. The oxidation rate of pyrite in coal smaller than 325 mesh was much greater than in larger coal particles. The effect of temperature (80° to 100°C) on the oxidation of pyrite in coal was not significant, nor was the effect of pretreatment with 0.1N hydrochloric acid. Approximately half of the detected ferric iron reduction was attributable to pyrite oxidation; the balance arises from other coal reac

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690230509

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn improved four‐parameter corresponding states method that includes polar fluids has been developed. The four parameters are the critical temperature, the critical pressure, the radius of gyration, and a newly developed polarity factor based on the second virial coefficient. These parameters have been used to empirically correlate pure and interaction second virial coefficients of a variety of fluid

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690230510

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA semicontinuouspH parametric pump for separating proteins was experimentally investigated using the model system haemoglobin and albumin on a Sephadex ion exchanger. The pump considered had a center feed between an enriching column and a stripping column and was operated batchwise during upflow and continuously during downflow. Various factors affecting separations were examined. It was shown that parametric pumping is capable of separating proteins with high separation factors.

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690230511

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY