ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690050431

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690050402

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690050403

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe influence of high concentration gradients and high evaporative velocities on rates of mass transfer was studied by evaporating liquids into low‐speed inert gas streams at pressures approaching the vapor pressure of the liquids.Inert gas concentration in some experiments changed nearly fivefold across the boundary layer. The velocity normal to the surface (owing to evaporation), usually neglected in comparison with main‐stream velocity, varied from 0.038 to 19 times the main‐stream velocity.The data for air‐water, air‐carbon tetrachloride, air‐chlorobenzene, and helium‐chlorobenzene systems were represented within experimental error over the Graetz number range of 0.1 to 1,800 by the flat‐duct equations of Butler and Plewes (2) and also by the usual dime

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690050404

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResults are presented for the solid‐catalyzed hydrogenation of ethylene in fixed and fluidized beds. The effect of gas velocity, bed height, catalyst activity, particle size, and internal baffles on fluidized reactor efficiency are given, and Equations derived from a simplified mathematical model correlate the dat

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690050405

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVoid fractions (fraction of the flow cross‐sectional area occupied by the gas phase) have been measured for steam‐water flows in an adiabatic, horizontal test section of 0.484 in. I.D. at 400, 600, 800, and 1,000 1b./sq. in. gauge. A comprehensive survey of void data for two‐phase concurrent flow is included in the paper, and the data, including the Martinelli and homogeneous flow model predictions, are compared. System characteristics, involving one‐ and two‐component flows in horizontal and vertical test sections with and without heat transfer over a range of flow ratios, total flow rates, and pressure, are too complex, and the data available are neither extensive nor precise enough to warrant the generation of over‐all correlations. Use of the void data in correlating two‐phase frictional pressure drops is discussed. A model has been presented for the prediction of critical flows based upon the void data, and calculations have been made for steam‐water critical flows over a range of critical pressures from 15 to 2,000

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690050406

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn pipeline design, for which one needs a means of ascertaining whether the flow will be laminar or turbulent, the Reynolds number is the criterion for Newtonian fluids. The principal purpose of this study was to formulate a more general criterion to characterize the flow regime and to test this form in application to non‐Newtonian fluids.Intuitive physical arguments suggested the use of a local stability parameter which is a function of the ratio of input energy to energy dissipation for an element of fluid. If the parameter is applied to a Newtonian fluid in laminar pipe flow, one finds that it has a maximum value of 0.385 times the critical Reynolds number, or 808. As the criterion is presumed to be general, it is inferred that the value of 808 defines the boundary between stable laminar and stable turbulent pipe flow for all fluids. The inference has been varified for several pseudoplastic fluid

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690050407

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe current understanding of the macroscopic (bulk) properties of polar substances in terms of molecular theory, or the correlation of them in terms of corresponding‐states principles is summarize

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690050408

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn experimental two‐phase flow study was made on an air‐water system at atmospheric pressure to obtain information on the effect of expansion and contraction of flow area on the relative velocity of the two phases. The data show that the relative velocity and hence the mean void fraction of the air‐water mixture changed following either an expansion or contraction; however the magnitude of the change was not great and could be predicted by a semitheoretical equation. The air‐water data are also compared with data taken from a steam‐water system at 150 to 600 lb./sq. in. In addition, a photographic study was made of the transition zone, and phase distributions were obtained by the use of a radiation attenuation traversing

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690050409

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn open type of reciprocating‐plate extraction column was developed, and it is proposed that the scaling up of such a column should be straightforward; that is, the height of an equivalent theoretical stage (H.E.T.S.) and the throughput per unit area should be independent of the diameter of the column.Plates having 5/8‐in.–diameter holes and 62.8% free space were selected to minimize the resistance to countercurrent flow in the column. With this design low H.E.T.S. values were achieved at throughputs much higher than those reported for other columns. Thus for two systems the present column was shown to require the lowest volume of column to accomplish a given extraction job. Data were obtained in a 3‐in.–diameter column on two systems, methyl isobutyl ketone‐acetic acid‐water ando‐xylene‐acetic acid‐water. Throughputs studied on the first system ranged from 547 to 1,837 gal./hr./sq. ft., and the corresponding minimum H.E.T.S. values achieved were 4.3 and 7.5 in. respectively. For the second system minimum H.E.T.S. values of 7.7 and 9.1 in. were attained at throughputs of 424 and 804 gal./hr./sq. ft. respectively.Extraction column design procedures are discussed. The fabrication of the reciprocating‐plate column is relatively simple, and this should encourage its use first in pilot‐scale sizes and ultimately

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690050410

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY