ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690090402

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690090403

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study has been made of the effect of fixed packing on the properties of a gas‐fluidized bed, including minimum fluidization velocity, pressure drop, and bed expansion. Experiments using a range of glass beads as fluidizing solid with smooth uniform spheres as packing indicate that both packing size and the ratio of particle to packing diameter are the main variables in correlating the results. Other solids of varying density and shape have also been used. In addition to smooth spherical packing, rough spheres and variously shaped packings such as Raschig rings, Berl saddles, and a cylindrical, open‐ended screen packing have received preliminary study. With the screen packing, which occupies only 5% of the column volume, it has been possible to operate a fluidized bed at a much higher gas throughput without slugging than is possible with a conventional bed.A preliminary study has also been made of heat transfer rates, and the results indicate that the same factors are significant. With spherical packing, values ofhof the order of 70% of that in a conventional bed have been obtained, while with screen packing values ranging up to 100% or greater have been observed.Possible applications of this technique and its limitations are also discus

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690090406

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMass diffusion studies were carried out in a diaphragm diffusion cell with the liquid system methyl alcohol, n‐propyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol. Experiments were conducted over a wide range of separating agent counterflow. The separation factor was approximately doubled and the yield decreased three orders of magnitude when the counterflow was increased one order of magnitude. Using the four ternary diffusion coefficients for the system and a diaphragm geometry based on previous calibration, the concentration and separation factors could be predicted within the range of experimental error. The theory indicates that at high counterflow considerably larger separation factors would be obtained if the diaphragm were unifor

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690090407

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe usefulness of the Pai power series representation for the velocity distribution has been limited because of the lack of knowledge about the functional dependence of the empirical integer constant on the Reynolds number. Correlations are given for this constant for both Newtonian and non‐Newtonian materials; however, certain limitations are found as a result of actual velocity distribution calculations.The equation represents the distribution over most of the turbulent core at all Reynolds numbers, but deviates widely at about a y+of 75 for Reynolds numbers greater than 100,000. Below this, the equation provides a satisfactory representation over the entire flow fiel

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690090408

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690090409

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMicroorganisms undergo a cycle of maturation during their life‐span in a proliferating culture. This gives rise to a distribution of degrees of cellular maturation in the culture. The gross rate of any metabolic process carried on by the culture is therefore an average over all degrees of maturation present.Equations embodying the life‐cycle concept are developed for cultures of organisms which proliferate by binary fission and do not form spores. The equations are solved for the age distribution in the special case of a continuous, steady state fermentation. Expressions for calculating gross metabolic rates and cell size distributions are derived. Finally, the stability of the steady state fermentor is discus

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690090410

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe absorption of carbon dioxide in pure diethanolamine was studied in a gas‐liquid stirred reactor at 85°, 95°, and 105°F. Over forty runs were made but only nineteen were reported here since several were invalidated by difficulties with the stirring mechanism and reaction‐temperature control. The absorption was followed by pressure‐time measurements with the carbon dioxide pressure ranging between 30 and 4 cm. of mercury. Experimental data were consistent and reproducible.An equation describing the gas‐liquid absorption system was derived and then simplified by considering only the kinetic region. The experimental data were correlated with the simplified equation by both integral and differential methods and indicate that the reaction follows a third‐order rate equation: first order in carbon dioxide and second order in diethanolamine. A mechanism explaining the observed order is described.Justification for assuming kinetic control of the absorption was demonstrated by doubling and tripling the stirring speed which produced no significant change in the absorption rate. Also, the temperature dependence of the pseudo‐rate constants was out of the range of ordinary mass transfer control. This agrees with the results of a theoretical model reported

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690090411

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690090412

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo account for the differences in the gas‐phase mass transfer coefficients obtained by the use of vaporization and absorption techniques, data were obtained for ring and saddle packings in a 12‐in. diam. column employing water vaporization and methanol absorption. The ratio of the vaporization to absorption coefficient, corrected for differences in diffusivity, is found to be directly proportional to the ratio of the total holdup to the operating holdup in confirmation of the proposed model in which the effective interfacial area for each type of operation is proportional to the holdup of the liquid active for that operat

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690090413

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY