ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690050334

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690050304

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690050305

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690050302

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690050303

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe methods of relating parameters in the Arrhenius rate equation to fundamental molecular properties are briefly reviewed. The limited applicability of purely theoretical methods is noted, the use and limitations of the standard semiemprical method are surveyed, and recent work based on empirical molecular structure and spectroscopy is described in detail. The recent method makes no attempt to calculate activation energy, but within a limited range of cases it does provide a reliable method of estimating the preexponential factor in the Arrhenius equation and calculating the kinetic isotope effect. In this way the method provides a check on the credibility of experimental data and on the assignment of mechanism. If the mechanism is correct, it provides a method of estimating activation energy from rate data taken at only one temperature. Further developments of this method are anticipated.

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690050306

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to contribute to knowledge of the nature of the phase behavior of partially miscible liquid systems, a study of the benzene‐water system was undertaken. The pressures at liquid‐ and vapor‐phase boundaries of fifteen mixtures of benzene and water were determined within the temperature range of 200 to 357°C. Along with a complete numerical tabulation, these data are presented graphically as pressure‐temperature, pressure‐composition, and temperature‐composition phase diagrams to show the nature of the boundaries.Up to the three‐phase critical end point, the benzene‐water system develops in a manner usually ascribed to a partially miscible system in which the vapor compositin at a point of univariance lies intermediate to the two liquid compositions. The three‐phase critical end point occurs at 1,364 1b./sq. in. abs. and 268.3°C., and the composition of the critical phase is 25.8 weight % water, with the remaining liquid phase 92.8 weight % water.The pressure, temperature, and composition of the critical solution end point are deduced as 2,300 1b./sq. in. abs., 306.4°C., and 59 weight % water, respectively. At temperatures between these two critical points the phase behavior is likened to that of a dense gas or fluid dissolved in a liquid. Definite limiting values of temperature and pressure are assignable to this behavior by the extension of the three‐phase curve up to the critical solution end point. This extended curve is not a phase boundary, but the temperature and pressure at a given point on the curve represents in a mixture of fixed composition the limit of mutual solubility of the benzene‐rich fluid phase and the water‐rich phase. At a temperature above or a pressure below the given point the liquid phase begins to vaporize.Above the critical solution end point the vapor‐liquid phase boundaries are like thos

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690050307

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a determination of the effect of solute concentration on gas‐phase mass transfer rates carbon tetrachloride was vaporized at three different concentration levels in a short 4.0‐in.‐diameter column packed with 0.5‐in. Raschig rings.The experimental data indicate that previous mass transfer correlations should be modified to include a term (PBM/PT)2/3and that the Schmidt number should be evaluated at average film conditions.The correlation found is suitable for predicting gas‐phase mass transfer coefficients which can be combined with effective interfacial areas reported previously to obtain volumetric mass transfer coefficients for any gas‐liquid‐

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690050308

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe problem of multicomponent distillation is considered for a column with an arbitrary number of feed streams and an arbitrary number of side‐stream withdrawals. The overheads from the side‐stream strippers are admitted to the column, introducing the inert stripping medium into the main column. Provisions are made in the calculations for complete heat balancing, inert injection, and internal reflux cooling. The method of computation is that of a previous paper involving the component‐by‐component technique. Calculations are made on the main column and give first approximations to the side‐stream compositions; stripper calculations are then initiated. An alternating procedure is instituted between the main column and the strippers, the successive iterations continuing until a preassigned accuracy in the desired quantities is reached. An extensive numerical problem

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690050309

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVolumetric data on gas mixtures and vapor‐phase data for gas‐liquid equilibria have been correlated within the framework of the theory of corresponding states. An expression based on the London potential for dispersion forces was used to compute characteristic temperatures for various binary systems, and a correlation was developed relating these temperatures to the polarizabilities, ionization potentials, and critical volumes of the pure components. The correlation shows how the molecular shape of a liquid affects its vapor‐phase solubility. With the help of this correlation it is possible to make very good predictions of such gas‐liquid equilibria as are required in high‐pressure distillation, absorption, and petroleum hydrofining o

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690050310

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY