摘要:

AbstractMany distributions of dental variables exhibit positive skew and variance heterogeneity. Although the use of parametric tests on data with these disturbances usually does not pose a problem with respect to alpha error level, transformation of data sometimes increases power. Occasionally one or both of these expectations do not hold and it becomes problematic as to whether data should be transformed and which analyses should be considered valid. Simulated dental trials were conducted on independent samples (n= 25 per group) drawn from exponential distributions with the same or different population means.t‐tests on raw, log, and square root transformed data; the Mann‐Whitney‐Wilcoxon ranking test; and a randomization test, all exhibited satisfactory levels of alpha error but the randomization test exhibited the greatest power followed closely by thet‐test on raw scores. The present results demonstrate that the log transformation does not increase power for all forms of positively skewed data. Randomization tests, not being subject to normality and variance homogeneity assumptions, may yield greater confidence in validity in these cases. Some implications for analytical strategy are di

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1991.tb00143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to assess the effect of travel time, time spent on a waiting list and time spent in the waiting room on demand for dental services in Norway. The analysis was performed on two sets of national data from 1975 and 1985, and on one set of local data from 1987. The national data were representative of the non‐institutionalized Norwegian population aged 20 yr and above. Travel time had an effect on demand in 1975, but not in 1985. Time spent on a waiting list had no opportunity cost, and did not influence demand. There was a statistically significant association between time spent in the waiting room and demand. However, this association disappeared when the effect of dental attendance pattern was controlled for. Regular attenders had shorter waiting times than those who were irregular attenders. This study has shown that factors such as presence of teeth, family income, and age are more important than travel time on demand for dental service

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1991.tb00144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim was to describe and analyze changes in dental status in Sweden over a 6‐yr period, and to establish a baseline for a subsequent investigation. Representative samples of the Swedish population in 1975, 1977, and 1981 were investigated by means of interviews. The participation rate varied between 81 and 86% and the number of participants between 11 582 and 14 964. Dental status, based on a question about natural teeth and/or removable denture(s), was analyzed in relation to demographic, socio‐economic, social support and life style factors. The prevalence of edentulism in the age group 16 74 years decreased during the observation period from 12.7% to 9.9% in men and from 15.5% to 11.2 in women. Besides age, urbanisation, occupation and tobacco smoking had the highest explanatory value for edentulism. The findings are discussed with respect to the increasing life expectancy and possible changes in the need and demand for dental c

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1991.tb00145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAs part of a nationwide dental survey in 1986 a caries study was executed in 3526 adults, aged 15–74 yr. living in 40 residential areas in The Netherlands. Marked differences were found between the social classes distinguished (more edentates in the lower classes) and between the different regions. It is supposed that these differences reflect the lack of dental manpower in the pas

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1991.tb00146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aims of this study were to examine the influence upon reported caries stains of: 1) employing different diagnostic thresholds and 2) using differing conventions for treating approximal surfaces which appeared overlapped on posterior bitewing radiographs. Caries prevalence data from a group of 211 Scottish schoolchildren aged 5–15 yr studied during a trial of elective temporary tooth separation in general dental practice in Scotland were used. In this “moderate” caries group, values for dmft/DMFT rose significantly (P<0.001) when the D1 diagnostic threshold (all grades of lesion accepted) was applied in comparison with the D3 threshold (only caries into dentine recognised); dmft increasing from 3.9 to 5.4 and DMFT increasing from 1.7 to 4.7. This demonstrated that an over‐optimistic impression of overall caries levels may he given when only the D3 threshold is used uncritically. In this study the status of approximal surfaces which were overlapped on bitewing radiographs was assessed by direct clinical examination using the temporary elective tooth separation technique. The investigation showed that, for this juvenile population, most (81.8% mesial, 93.1 % distal) overlapped approximal surfaces were sound. Significantly more mesial than distal surfaces were found to be ove

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1991.tb00147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study describes a comparison of patients' views of their dentures and dentists' technical evaluations 5 yr after complete denture treatment. Of the original sample (n= 139) a test group of 92 patients remained available for the actual study 5 yr after treatment. Firstly, the patients filled in a questionnaire regarding their complaints of and (dis)satisfaction with dentures. Secondly, they were examined independently by two experienced dentists in order to evaluate their dentures. Finally, after considering the answers to the questions in the questionnaire and their own dentures' evaluation the dentists proposed a therapy. It was found that patients and dentists agree on assessments of denture retention, but do not agree on assessment of denture aesthetical aspects. Furthermore, it appeared that generally more therapy was rendered by the dentists than could be expected on the basis of their evaluations and the patients' views.

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1991.tb00148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of inorganic and organic acid fumes on teeth was explored in a cross‐sectional study using blind dental examinations. A sample of 180 workers from two factories was randomly drawn. Among the 169 workers who participated in the survey, 88 were exposed to acid fumes and 81 were controls. The percentage of inorganic acid workers with tooth surface loss was 63.2%, while that for the controls was 37.7% (P<0.005). The corresponding figures in the organic acid company were 50.0% and 14.3% (P<0.02). In both companies the acid workers had significantly more often teeth with surface loss in the maxilla than their controls (P<0.02). Both anteriors and posteriors were affected. On the basis of the findings, it can be concluded that acid fumes at work are strongly associated with tooth surface los

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1991.tb00149.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe first nationwide survey of Finnish dentists use of tobacco, their inquiring about and advising patients on tobacco use, and their attitudes toward anti‐tobacco health education (ATHE) was carried out at the end of 1987. A questionnaire mailed to 540 demists produced 435 answers (81%). One fourth of the male dentists and 6% of the female dentists currently were smokers, and 11% of men and 2% of women smoked daily. Information on smoking practices of patients was obtained always by 8%, often by 18%, and occasionally by 62% of the dentists. Four percent of the dentists advised always and 15% often their patients about smoking, and 62%, did so occasionally. The majority of the dentists agreed that dentists should take part in ATHE and that dentists can encourage patients to stop using tobacco. The respondents supporting (he involvement of dentists in ATHE reported having an active role in tobacco counseling (TC) significantly more frequently than those not sharing the idea of involvement. It was concluded that Finnish dentists could be a valuable resource in TC because of their positive altitude

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1991.tb00150.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aims of the study were to examine the knowledge of occupational hazards from blood‐borne viruses, and practices related to cross‐infection control in Brazil, by a survey of 947 Brazilian dental practitioners at a National Dental Congress in January 1990. Over 80% were aware that hepatitis B virus can be present in the oral cavity and constitutes an occupational hazard but their perceptions is to the hazards from other agents were at variance with the published evidence. Over 75% were aware of the existence of vaccines against hepatitis B virus but less than 60% appreciated the possible long‐term hepatic sequelae of hepatitis B virus infection and, less than 40% were aware of the oncogenic potential. Less than 10% bad been immunized against hepatitis B and only a further 10% intended to be vaccinated. Autoclaves were used by less than 10%: most appeared to use chemical means for disinfection of dental instruments. These results indicate the urgent need for a campaign to improve infection control procedures in Brazilian dental pra

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1991.tb00151.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOlder adults attending 14 senior activity centers in six counties of Florida cooperated for a questionnaire and an oral examination. The mean age was 76.5 yr. and about one‐third were 80 yr or older. One‐third of the dentate persons had dental caries. Most of the carious lesions were on the crown, not the root, and most of the decay was primary, not recurrent. Most of the persons with a need for caries treatment were likely to seek dental care; however, the majority of carious surfaces were in persons who reported being infrequent users of care. These results from ambulatory older adults suggest that older adults have significant caries treatment needs, and provide support for the view that the treatment of older U.S. adults may grow in the coming deca

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1991.tb00152.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY