摘要:

AbstractIn order that health service resources are allocated in the way which most benefits the population, systematic review of the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of programmes and interventions are required. This study examined papers relating to dental health education interventions, which were published between 1982 and 1994 (n=143). Each was scored by two independent researchers according to twenty predetermined validity criteria. For each paper which achieved a validity score of more than 12 (n=37), data concerning the objectives of the intervention, the types and numbers of participants, and the outcomes, were extracted from the article. Where sufficient data were provided in a paper which met more than 15 of the validity criteria quantitative meta‐analysis was earned out i.e. the results of the studies were pooled in order to calculate an overall intervention effect with confidence intervals. This combination of qualitative and quantitative review techniques showed that dental health interventions have: a small positive, but temporary effect on plaque accumulation (reduction in plaque index=0.37 95% CI ‐0.29–0.59); no discernible effect on caries increment and a consistent positive effect on knowledge levels. The results of this analysis suggest that further efforts to synthesise current information about dental health education, in a systematic way, are required, along with maintenance of rigorous scientific standards in evaluation res

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00850.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn 1984 the Dental Attitude Questionnaire (DAQ). an instrument for assessing various aspects of a person's attitude toward oral health care, was presented by Stockwi‐xl&Banting.The DAQ consists of six content scales. Cynicism. Health Concern, Motivation, Oral Function, Social Aesthetic and Susceptibility, and two validity scales, Halo and Infrequency. A Dutch translation was presented in 1986 by Key index words: Hoogstraten&Broers.In order to replicate the factor analysis on the original DAQ as reported by Stockwell&Bantingthe present study was undertaken. The results show a change in factor structure from a three factor solution to a two factor solution. A confirmatory factor analysis shows that the original three factor structure of the DAQ is not present in the data collected with the translated version. To account for this change, some possible reasons are discusse

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00851.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA convenience sample of patients (n=271) from community health centres and private clinics in different parts of Finland were recruited for this study through their dental clinic. Equal numbers of regular and irregular clients were invited to participate. Before the treatment procedure, each patient filled out a questionnaire with forty Likertian statements dealing with their expectations of an ideal dentist, and nine about their own background, i.e., age. sex, regularity of dental visits, basic and professional education, and occupation. After the treatment subjects described their treating dentists' behaviour using similar statements. In the analyses two approaches were applied. First, factor analyses with orthogonal varimax rotation were conducted with the data about the ideal and actual dentist. For the ideal dentist, five factors were extracted: 1) mutual communication, 2) fair support, 3) personal appearance, 4) preferred type of practice, and 5) blaming; and for the actual dentist 5 factors were extracted: 1) mutual communication, 2) pain control, 3) fair support, 4) personal appearance, and 5) preferred type of practice. The factor structures were found to be similar when they were compared with transformation analysis. This justified the second analysis where the differences between the ideal and the actual factor scores were compared. The expectations of the patients were met on all the other dentist characteristics except mutual communication and fair support. There were not many differences between subgroups of patients. In further studies, other background variables, such as previous experiences of the patients, should be considered in order to obtain a more complete explanation of the variation in satisfaction. More attention should be paid to the communication skills of the dentists.

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00852.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether patients and dentists differ in their ideal role expectations concerning each others behaviour. This was done by further analysing a set of data containing responses to 124 five‐class Likertian statements about ideal role expectations and questions about the background of the respondents with regard to different aspects of the dentist‐patient relationship. The study groups consisted of a representative sample of lay people and all dentists in the Finnish Provinces Kuopio and North Karelia. To extract areas of ideal role expectations for both dentists and patients, orthogonal factor analyses were applied to the data. To evaluate the dissimilarity of the structure of the factor analyses, rotated factor matrices were used to conduct transformation analysis. Similarities between the ideal role expectations of dentists and patients were studied. When studied with transformation analysis, the ideal role expectations of dentists and patients were found to differ for both the ideal patient and the ideal dentist. However, dentists and patients shared expectations concerning one characteristic of the ideal dentist i.e. the importance of mutual communication, which was also considered the most important characteristic of the ideal dentist. For the characteristics of the ideal patient, the two groups shared the same expectations concerning the manageability of the patient. Previous research has compared dentist and patient expectations based only on single statements. No reports based on factor analysed data have been published, but transformation analysis was found to provide a useful tool for statistical evaluation of the dissimilarity of the factor structu

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00853.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe association between an employer‐provided dental benefit scheme and dental status was studied in male industrial workers in southern Finland in 1994. A total of 325 workers (age 38–65 yrs) with access to subsidized dental care and 174 controls completed a multiple‐choice questionnaire followed by clinical examinations. One or more carious teeth was registered in 19% of the subsidized group and 50% of the controls (P<0.001). For subjects with retained roots the proportions were 2% and 15%. respectively (P<0.0()1). Among those with caries the mean number of carious teeth was 2.1 (SD 2.0) in the subsidized group, and 3.2 (SD 3.8) in the control group (P<0.05). The groups did not differ significantly in numbers of teeth or filled teeth. The probability of having one or more carious teeth was negatively associated with access to subsidized dental care, with a recall or check‐up as the reason for the last dental visit, and with having had the last dental visit within the past two years. The results showed that the dental benefit scheme resulted in less untreated

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00854.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe City of North York Public Health Department (NYPHD) operates a school‐based dental programme that provides preventive and treatment services to children according to evidence‐based practice guidelines. This programme and private dental practices (PDP) represent the only sources of dental care for children in North York. The purpose of our study was to compare the oral health and family characteristics of clients from the NYPHD and PDP using a dental examination and a parent interview. Results showed that NYPHD and PDP clients had similar levels of lluorosis, calculus, and periodontal health, but NYPHD clients had experienced greater levels of decay. Clients of the NYPHD and PDP also had significantly different family characteristics, many of which were significantly associated with the presence of one or more decayed primary or permanent teeth. Multivariate logistic regression identified mother's immigration history, past caries experience, and parents' rationale for scheduling their child's dental appointments as the principle risk makers for dental decay. When compared with PDP clients, the NYPHD serves higher‐needs children who otherwise might not receive

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00855.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Björkman L, Pedersen NL, Lichtenstein P: Physical and mental health related to dental amalgam fillings in Swedish twins.AbstractIn the past years increasing attention has been paid to possible adverse health effects of mercury exposure from dental amalgam fillings. To evaluate possible health effects from amalgam fillings, dental status registered by specially trained nurses was obtained from 587 subjects included in the ongoing Swedish Adoption/ Twin Study of Aging (SATSA). Data on physical and mental health were collected and memory function tested. Mean age was 66 years (SD 9, range 46–89). In the entire material, 25% of the individuals had no own teeth and in the group with own teeth the median number of teeth surfaces filled with dental amalgam was 15 (range 0–65). Analyses of associations between number of surfaces filled with dental amalgam and a number of scales estimating somatic and mental health and memory functions were performed both for the entire group and for individuals having at least 12 teeth. Regardless of the sample, no negative effects on physical or mental health were found from amount of dental amalgam, even after controlling for age, gender, education and number of remaining teeth. When using a co‐twin control design with twin pairs discordant for amalgam exposure, no negative health effects associated with dental amalgam were detected. This study does not indicate any negative effects from dental amalgam on physical or mental health or memory functions in the general population over 50 years

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00856.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA sample of 468 dentists completed a questionnaire on their conceptions of amalgam. A minority (1–3%) reported that amalgam often causes toxic, galvanic and/or allergic side‐effects. A considerably larger number (10–30%) stated that such side‐effects ‘sometimes’ occur, while less respondents (6–11%) said they did not know. 60–80% said that such side‐effects do not exist, or rarely. If a patient requested the removal of amalgam, one‐third of dentists would do so often for cosmetic or toxic reasons, but only one‐fifth in the case of a proven allergy. A very substantial percentage would not remove amalgam except for cosmetic reason. Substantial minorities thought that amalgam should not be used for pregnant women or children, or admitted that they did not know. The use of amalgam was rejected by 5%, while 9% could not decide whether they were for or against its use. Multivariate analysis reveals the existence of two dimensions in the data. The first dimension, referred to as “acceptance‐of‐amalgam”, makes it possible to distinguish a subsample (about 9%) consisting of “rejectors‐of‐amalgam”. On the second dimension, referred to as “conviction”, a subsample (almost 20%) of “doubters” can be discerned, alongside “convinced adversaries” (about 4%) and “convinced advocates” (some 25%). The majority of the respondents are thought

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00857.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the influence of a range of patient and dentist factors on the prescription of bitewing radiography. A postal questionnaire of general dental practitioners working in the Birmingham and Manchester areas of England was used. Dentists were requested to score the influence of 15 factors upon their decision whether or not to take bitewing radiographs. Some of these factors were chosen to represent accepted “high caries risk” factors, some “low risk” factors, while others were chosen as they should be irrelevant to prescription of bitewing radiographs. There was a questionnaire response of 70.8%. Dentists recognized accepted high caries risk factors as being an indicator for bitewing radiography but the influence of low caries risk factors was less clear. Only “good oral hygiene” and the presence of “few restorations” were perceived as relevant to bitewing prescription, while fissure sealants were seen as an influence in favour of radiography by almost one third of dentists. Dentists tended to be influenced in their radio‐graphic practice by the opinions of patients and fears of medico‐legal consequences. Pregnancy was seen as contra‐indicatory for bitewings by almost all dentists. These results suggest that greater emphasis should be placed upon radiographic selection criteri

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00858.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractImplementation of caries preventive treatment in relation to the risk of caries was studied among 13‐year‐olds (n=132) in two groups treated in the same public dental clinics in Helsinki: caries patients (n=100) had the greatest numbers of decayed teeth (DT+dt), 5.5 on average, whereas cavity‐free patients (n=32) had intact teeth. Data taken from patients' personal oral health records served for evaluation of individual need for caries prevention, risk of caries, and preventive treatment given to each patient. Patients with any caries lesions or erupting teeth or poor oral hygiene were considered to be at risk of caries and in need of preventive treatment. The more caries lesions a patient had, the more prevention was expected to have been given. Preventive treatment of caries was weakly or only moderately in accordance with patients' individual needs and risk of developing caries, although patients with more caries lesions tended to have been given more preventive treatment than did those with none or only a few lesions. The majority of preventive measures given were applications of fluoride varnish, whereas motivation of and instruction in oral health care habits remained weak. However, patients whom their dentists had judged to be at high risk of caries received more intensified preventive treatment than did other caries patients. As a conclusion, intensification of caries prevention among high‐risk patients is still needed. Dentists should always consider each patient's risk of developing caries to improve quality of preventive tr

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00859.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY