摘要:

AbstractThe object of this review is to examine tooth brushing as a health behavior in European adolescents. The aims are to investigate the role of environmental and social factors on tooth brushing as a health behavior, to illustrate the importance of such factors in the prevention of periodontal diseases and to demonstrate how a knowledge of these factors can aid the development of specific health education programs. In order to do this the results of many studies concerned with oral hygiene behavior from different European countries have been examined. It is from the detailed study of these various European investigations that the results section is composed. The findings from this review demonstrate that tooth brushing as a health behavior is influenced by both environmental and social factors, that both of these factors affect the incidence of gingivitis and periodontal disease in the countries examined, and that when they are incorporated into health education programs based on the community development approach they can aid behavior change.

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb01752.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to initiate the study of dental fear in Japan. 415 college students, aged 18–22 yr were surveyed. A standardized questionnaire which has been used in the United States was translated into Japanese and was administered to the students. More than 80% of those surveyed reported some dental fear. Six to 14% of the students reported extreme fear of the dentist. The majority of the subjects admitted that they delayed making dental appointments due to fear. Muscle tension was the most common physiological symptom reported. The dental drill and needle were the most fear‐provoking stim

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb01753.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIncreasing numbers of women are entering the once male‐dominated dental profession in Australia. Determining what differences exist in the practice of dentistry between male and female dentists has therefore become an important task. The purpose of the present study was to examine differences in practice between male and female dentists. Data were available from a weighted, stratified random sample of 730 dentists (486 male and 294 female dentists) in each State or Territory of Australia. Using discriminant analysis age, practice setting, number of other dentists in the practice, inputs to the practice of dentistry either hired, acquired or contributed, direct demand and community size were all found significant in separating male and female dentists. It was more difficult to separate younger male and female dentists, indicating some convergence between the sexes. However, some differences persisted. Possible reasons for the differences are discussed and some implications note

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb01754.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to compare an indirect method with direct clinical observations for its ability to assess the clinical quality of amalgam restorations. Two evaluators examined independently the quality of 290 amalgam restorations in 25 patients. All restorations were examined directly as well as indirectly using seven well‐defined characteristics. Direct assessment consisted of visual examination utilizing mirror and explorer. Indirect observations were made with the aid of color transparencies and bite‐wing radiographs. The results showed a high interexaminer agreement for the indirect method which was even higher than for the direct method. No statistically significant differences existed between the two examiners in both methods. When using color transparencies for the indirect method, there is a high degree of agreement between both methods. Only one characteristic, the “anatomic form”, showed significant differences in the sense that an unsatisfactory “anatomic form” is diagnosed more often by direct evaluation. Therefore, the indirect method, using color transparencies, is reliable in assessing quality of amalgam restorations except for “anatomic form”. When using bite‐wing radiographs for the indirect method, unsatisfactory characteristics were diagnosed more frequently indirectly than directly. On the basis of the results, it was concluded that bite‐wing radiographs are indispensable in examining a

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb01755.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship of tooth cleaning habits and caries free status of a group of 13–16‐yr‐old children who were not subjected to any caries preventive measures in Sri Lanka were studied. Despite lack of prevention, 31 % of the subjects were caries free, and a higher proportion of these were boys. All subjects reported brushing their teeth at least once a day. The study failed to show any relationship between either brushing frequency or the use of brush or finger for tooth cleaning, and caries. Although social status by father's employment was not related to the caries status, it was seen that a higher proportion of children of employed mothers' were caries free. Significant differences in oral hygiene habits except brushing frequency were noted among different social g

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb01756.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the study was to check whether dental maturity charts made in southern Finland can be used without modifications in other parts of the country. For this reason the dental maturity of 90 children living in the sparsely populated areas of Kuhmo in northeastern Finland was compared with that of a larger sample of Helsinki children. Most of the Kuhmo children were 7.0–8.5 and 10.5–12.5 yr of age. The method of Demirjianand associates was used to estimate dental maturity. The means of dental maturity scores were greater in Kuhmo in most half‐year groups in both sexes. The median dental maturity scores of Kuhmo children were between the 50th and 84th percentile curves of Helsinki children. A referent of the same age and sex was chosen for each Kuhmo child from the Helsinki children. The paired r‐test was based on the difference in dental age. The dental age of the Kuhmo children was higher (P<0.05). These findings suggest differences in dental maturity within a fairly homogeneous population, which should be considered when national charts a

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb01757.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEnamel defects are being used increasingly to monitor fluoride use. In New Zealand in 1982 a survey of the prevalence of enamel defects in 9‐yr‐old children was carried out. Children who had enamel defects on the labial surfaces of their maxillary incisors were re‐examined after 3 yr together with an equal number of children without defects. The same examiner using the same examination methods and the DDE index carried out both examinations but at the second examination was unaware of the results for individual children at the first examination. There was little difference in the group prevalence of the main defect categories except for the tooth prevalence of hypoplasia. There was an increase in discolouration and hypoplasia occurring in combination with diffuse fluoride‐related opacities. There was no evidence that defects had faded with time. This longitudinal survey showed that some increase in defect severity occurred over a relatively short time span in initially mild defects. In some children these changes were sufficient to cause a deterioration in tooth appearance. Age and tooth specific enamel defect data are necessary in surveys monitoring the public health use of fluoride since posteruptive changes can affect prevalence and s

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb01758.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe prevalence and location of enamel opacities was recorded in 37 subjects from low‐fluoride areas who had received anti‐neoplastic therapy and was compared with an equal number of healthy controls. All the patients had received combination chemotherapy for a malignant disease for at least 2 yr early on in their lives. These cases, and especially those with leukemia, had more opacities than the controls, although these opacities were mild in form. The results show that childhood cancer and/or the therapy provided for this can affect the developing dentition, involving all teeth in leukemia cases and the permanent teeth of the mixed dentition period in other cancer disea

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb01759.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere has been a lot of discussion concerning the possible influence of amalgam tooth fillings on different symptoms and complaints. Information on this topic could be obtained from 1024 dentulous women aged 38–72, participants in a population study of women in Gothenburg. Sweden, who answered a questionnaire with 30 specific questions concerning different symptoms and complaints. The answers were related to number of tooth surfaces restored with amalgam. Due to the sampling method and the high participation rate, the participants were representative of dentulous women of the same age in the general population. No positive correlations were found between number of amalgam fillings and number of symptoms, nor between number of amalgam fillings and prevalence of specified single symptoms or complaints. On the contrary there were a number of age‐matched significant correlations in the opposite direction, which means that women with a high number of amalgam fillings reported a lower number of symptoms and complaints than women with a low number of amalgam fillings. These inverse relationships between number of amalgam fillings and different symptoms and complaints usually disappeared, when number of teeth was taken into consideration as a background variable. The inverse relationships with abdominal pain and poor appetite were, however, independent of both number of teeth and socioeconomic status as based on multivariate analysis. This study does not support the view of a correlation between amalgam fillings and symptoms and complaints, at least not on a population le

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb01760.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlmost 5 million Dutch National Health Service members visit the dentist half‐yearly in order to keep their so‐called “dental fitness certificate” valid. The methods of paired comparisons and direct ranking were used to study the relative importance of eight oral conditions for a fit dentition: plaque, calculus, gingivitis, a pocket, a cavity, a root/radicle, a fistula and an extraction diastema. The assessments were made by a sample of Dutch general practitioners under contract to the National Health Service (n= 49). Each dentist was consistent in his comparative pairwise choices. Although agreement between the dentists was statistically significant, the low coefficient indicated individual differences between the dentists. The average rank orders of the eight oral conditions obtained from the dentists as a group by means of the two methods were highly comparable. To obtain dental fitness the dentists judged the treatment of a fistula and gingivitis more important than the treatment of plaque, calculus and cavities, and least important, the three conditions: root/radicles, pockets and extraction diastema. This average rank order indicates a shift in the concept of “dentally fit” as stated in the requirements, dating back to 1960, for granting a dental fitness

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb01761.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY