摘要:

AbstractA total of 47 water samples were obtained over a 3‐yr period in the cities of Leningrad and Moscow in the USSR. All the samples had their fluoride content analyzed blindly outside the Soviet Union. A total of three samples had therapeutic levels of fluoride (0.8 ppm or above); all the other 44 samples had fluoride levels of 0.3 ppm or les

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb00558.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious studies have measured subjects’ exposure to fluoridated water in two ways: number of years exposed to fluoridation and a dummy variable indicating the fluoridation status of the subjects’ present community. The former assumes that fluoride concentrations of water supplies are constant across years, while the latter assumes subjects have never changed residences. Measurement error may occur when either assumption is not satisfied. These two sources of error may be reduced in a newly developed measure of lifetime fluoridation exposure (LFE) containing residence history and fluoride level elements. The aim of this paper is to examine the accuracy of the three measures. Results reveal that the number of years measure and LFE are highly correlated (0.98) and have similar effects in a regression model, indicating both are valid measures of fluoridation exposure. LFE also appears to be fairly insensitive to measurement error due to inaccurate recall of residence histories. Measuring fluoridation exposure with a dummy variable is not recommen

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb00559.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA 3‐yr daily supervised toothbrushing study with a double blind design was conducted to evaluate the anticaries effectiveness of a 1.14% sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) dentifrice (1500 ppm F) compared to a 0.76% MFP dentifrice (1000 ppm F). This study began with nearly 4000 children, primarily aged 8–11, in grades 3–5. residing in a nonfluoridated community in Florida. A total of 2415 children completed 3 yr of the study, representing 61% of the children who began the study. The results indicate a statistically significant (P<0.001) anticaries benefit was derived over a 3‐yr period from the use of the higher fluoride dentifrice (1500 ppm F) when compared to the positive control (1000 ppm F). Percent reductions in mean dental caries increments were 20.9%, 22.1%, 21.8%, 24.3%, and 35.2% for DM FT, DFT, DMFS, DFS, and DPS Interproximal, respe

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb00560.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecently qualified dentists from a dental school in Stockholm, Sweden (n= 259) and the dental school in Kuopio, Finland (n=103) were sent a questionnaire designed to obtain information concerning the perceived relevance of their undergraduate education to the practice of dentistry. The response rate was 71% for Stockholm and 82% for Kuopio. Except for minor differences, probably mainly due to economic resources and traditions in choice of treatment, the graduates in the two countries had comparable views of their basic education. In general, clinical dental subjects were highly valued, while basic science subjects but also subjects in medical and behavioral sciences were given low values. Our results indicate that, although prevention and behavioral sciences are stressed more and more in undergraduate education, the practice of clinical dentistry remains essentially unchanged and restorative dentistry is still very highly valued among recent graduates of these two dental schools.

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb00561.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA system for handling complaints of dental malpractice was established in 1983 in an agreement between the Danish Dental Association and the National Health Insurance. Description is given of the system comprising county dental complaints boards and a national dental complaints board. Reports of all complaints directed to the boards during the first 31/2 Years were analyzed: 533 complaints to the county boards and 111 appeals to the national board. The complaints corresponded to 5 complaints per 100 dentists per year with considerable regional variation. Most complaints were reported in fixed and removable prosthetics, and most claims were of an economic nature. Almost two‐thirds of the complaints were supported by the boards. Themes for further study as well as certain problems concerning consumer satisfaction weighed against the responsibility to survey dentists' work are pointed ou

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb00562.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMercury exposure and renal function parameters were examined in 68 dentists and 64 dental assistants. The levels of mercury in urine were low: only three individuals exceeded 20 μg/1. Increased excretion of urinary proteins and increased activity of urinary enzymes were observed. This enhanced prevalence of renal function changes appeared not to be related to the mercury urine level, age. sex. or smoking and drinking habits. Only for men was a positive relation between the level of mercury in urine and the activity of β‐galactosidase found. The proteinuria may be due to one or more potential nephrotoxic agents used in dental pract

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb00563.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study of 162 dentists' and their assistants' mercury levels in hair and urine, and of questionnaire items regarding mercury consumption, revealed some striking relations. The mercury concentrations in both hair (Hg‐H) and urine (Hg‐U) were somewhat higher in the dentists than the assistants. There was no relation between concentrations in hair and urine. The method of condensation of amalgam was positively related to Hg‐U; the vibration method was negatively related. Hg‐U was also positively related to number of fillings and hours in own practice. The relation of Hg‐U to ventilation in the surgery applied only to the

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb00564.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between such general diseases and dental treatability' of the elderly living in municipal old people's homes in Finland. The sampling methods used were PPS sampling (probabilities proportionate to size), and non‐randomized and randomized sampling. The subjects were 480 residents of 24 municipal old people's homes in different parts of Finland. Of the subjects 153 were men and 327 women, and their ages ranged from 65 to 100 yr. Data on the general diseases was obtained from the subjects' medical histories. The assessment of dental treatability was based on the subjects' communicative ability and cooperation during interview, on a clinical oral examination, and on the subjects' ability to cope with the stress of an interview and examination. Eleven percent of the subjects had no diagnosed diseases, whereas 28% had three or more. The most common diseases in both men and women were cardiovascular diseases followed by respiratory disorders in men and endocrine disorders in women. The dental treatability was considered very poor or poor in 29% and good in 26% of cases. No clear statistical correlation was found between dental treatability and the number of diseases suffered by the subject. However, cardiovascular diseases and neurologic and mental disorders were found to reduce dental treatability more than other disorder

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb00565.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn epidemiological survey of prevalence and severity of dental caries was carried out in an urban population of children in Madagascar. The study population comprised 1257 children in the age groups 4–5 yr to 14–15 yr equally distributed by sex. The children were examined according to the recording system for the Danish Child Dental Services. The caries experience in the primary dentition as well as in the permanent dentition was high. For example, among 6‐yr‐olds a mean number of 11.8 defs and 5.2 deft was observed and 82% of the children were affected by caries in primary teeth. In particular, primary molars in the mandibular and incisors in the maxilla were affected and approximate caries was frequent. Among 12‐yr‐olds mean DMFS was 4.0 and DM FT 2.4 and 75% of the children had caries in permanent teeth. In permanent teeth caries was located predominantly to mandibular molars and occlusal surfaces. In both dentitions almost all decay was untreated, indicating lack of dental treatment available due to the shortage of dental manpower. The establishment of a child dental service system is a matter of urgency. Dental health education and primary health care should b

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb00566.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo cohorts of 17‐yr‐olds treated in a municipal child dental service in 1978–79 and 1984–85 had bitewing radiographs taken at the examination before the last course of treatment in the service. All radiographs were read by one examiner, who did not know to which cohort the individual belonged. The subsequent treatment was recorded from the treatment records by another examiner, who was unaware of the results of the radiographic examination. According to radiographic scores, the proportion of decayed or filled (DPS) approximal surfaces had decreased from 23.2% to 17.4% during the period (difference: 25%). The proportion of unfilled surfaces which were decayed (DS) had remained almost constant, while 9.6% of the surfaces were filled (FS) in 1978–79 compared to 3.1% in 1984–85 (difference: 68%). Thus, in spite of a 25% decrease in total caries experience (DPS), a reduction of 68% would be claimed if fillings (FS) were interpreted as expression of disease prevalence. The risk of an approximal surface being filled decreased to about one fifth from 1978–79 to 1984–85, and the risk of being filled was nearly three times as high for approximal surfaces of children who already had approximal fillings at the time of examination. Thus, both the year of examination and the subject's previously received treatment seemed to influence the treatment strategy

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb00567.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY