摘要:

ABSTRACTDuring the past 30 years there has been increasing concern for ethical considerations that pertain to the conduct of human biomedical research. Consequently, many national and international medical and dental organizations and agencies have developed regulations, policies or ethical guidelines for the protection of human subjects who take part in clinical investigations. In the United States, more than 500 research institutions have established permanent committees to review research in humans conducted by their institutions. Members of these committees must represent a broad range of backgrounds, interests, and concerns. Prospective study subjects must be able to make an informed decision on whether to participate in any study, without any element of force, deceit, duress, or other form of constraint or coercion. Obtaining informed consent for studies of children, the mentally infirm, and persons with restricted civil freedom presents special problems. Ethical considerations also raise questions on appropriate designs for clinical studies, e.g. use of untreated controls. Dental studies, particularly those testing caries‐preventive agents, raise special questions of design, informed consent, ethical procedures and the use of diagnostic radiographs. The director of a clinical study is responsible for the conduct of all personnel connected with the investigatio

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1976.tb01602.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn 1970, a community‐based and federally funded dental program was established in Boston. The multiple objectives of this program included the following: provision of dental treatment; education of schoolchildren in dental health; support for community measures of prevention such as water fluoridation; support of job training programs in dental assisting for community residents; employment of community people; and sensitization and training in community health for dental students and auxiliaries. The program provided a number of dental services at a reasonable benefit‐cost ratio of 0.87. Other endeavors included the development of a dental health program with community schools and the involvement of dental students in the delivery of care and in screening for children with dental treatment ne

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1976.tb01603.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe authors describe the organization and results of an epidemiologic training program which formed part of a W. H. O. sponsored course in public health dentistry held in Malaysia in May‐June 1975. Twenty‐two participants from 16 countries took part. They had a wide variety of qualifications and training; only four had had previous experience in the conduct of an oral health survey. The method and criteria that were proposed for inclusion in the second edition ofOral Health Surveys ‐ Basic Methodswere tested in two calibration exercises and one field trial. The usefulness of most of the recommendations was confirmed. The main problem areas concern dentofacial anomalies, intense gingivitis and advanced periodontal involvement. A successful feature of the study was the practicability for public health planning of assessing requirements for trea

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1976.tb01604.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe caries increment (filled surfaces) from the ages 7 to 15 years were compared in children with three or fewer (low prevalence group) or eight or more filled surfaces (high prevalence group) at the age of 8. The children participated in a fortnightly fluoride mouthrinsing program (10 ml of 0.2% NaF). Following 8 years of dental treatment and caries prophylaxis, the caries increments were 11.4 (s.d. = 7.7,n= 23 subjects) and 17.1 (s.d. = 9.6,n= 39 subjects) surfaces, i.e. significantly different (t= 2.376). Significantly (t= 4.034) more fillings had been required in the high than in tthe low prevalence group (31.1 ± 17.1 vs. 15.5 ± 9.6). The “risk group” could be identified at the ages of 7 to 8 by high caries prevalence and high ratio fillings/caries increment. Social class and number of teeth accounted more for the initial caries prevalence than for the caries increment. Correlation analyses revealed a significant, but not strong (r = 0.50), association between caries prevalence at the age of 7 and increment of fil

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1976.tb01605.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTLongitudinal data on caries experience were derived from the reexamination and interview of a cohort of 306 subjects with an average follow‐up period of 33 years after the baseline examination. Analysis of the data was accomplished by the use of contingency tables utilizing enumeration statistics compared with a multiple regression analysis. The analyses indicated a strong association of caries experience at one point in time with the caries experience of that same person earlier in life. The regression model approach offers adjustment of any given independent variable for the effect of all other independent variables, providing a powerful means of bias reduction. The model is also useful in separating out the specific effect of an independent variable over and above the contribution of other variables. The model used explained 35% of the variability in the DMFS scores recorded. Similar models could be useful adjuncts in the analyses of dental epidemiologic dat

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1976.tb01606.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe prevalence of oral soft and hard tissue lesions related to mechanical oral hygiene procedures was recorded and correlated to toothbrushing habits and oral hygiene status in two selected samples. Fifty‐one percent of 533 persons examined exhibited gingival retractions and 45 % had wedge‐shaped defects in the cervical area of one or several teeth. Both types of lesions were often seen in the same area, indicating a common etiologic factor. The subjects with a good oral hygiene status, as well as those who brushed more than twice daily, showed a high frequency of lesions. The various toothbrushing techniques did not, however, seem to influence the development of such lesions in the present material. Subjective symptoms were reported in a few cases o

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1976.tb01607.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1976.tb01608.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1976.tb01609.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY