摘要:

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate inequalities in children's dental caries experience among socioeconomic status (SES) groups and to investigate effects of exposure to fluoride in water on those inequalities. Cross‐sectional data were obtained from 6704 Queensland children aged 5–12 years and 6814 South Australian children aged 5–15 years. School dental therapists and dentists recorded dmfs and DMFS data. A questionnaire to parents sought information about household SES and each child's lifetime exposure to fluoridated drinking water. SES, fluoride exposure and multiplicative interactions between the two were used as explanatory variables in least squares models in which dmfs and DMFS were dependent variables. Additive interactions were evaluated by calculating the excess rate of disease. In both states, children from low SES groups (categorized by household income or parental education) had higher mean dmfs and DMFS values than children from high SES groups (p<0.01). Independent effects of income and education remained significant (p<0.01) after controlling for exposure to fluoride in drinking water. In Queensland, there was a significant multiplicative interaction whereby SES inequalities were lower among children exposed to fluoride: dmfs ratios between low‐and high‐income groups ranged among ages from 1.54 to 3.56 for children with no exposure to fluoride and from 0.84 to 2.07 for children with lifetime exposure to fluoride. Multiplicative interactions were not statistically significant in South Australia or when DMFS was the dependent variable. However, additive interactions were consistent and most pronounced for deciduous teeth in both States. Absolute differences in caries experience between low and high SES children were greater among non‐exposed groups due to the higher underlying levels of caries experience of children with no exposure to fluori

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00822.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe object of the study was to compare the performance of a group of eight trained and standardized dental epidemiologists making restorative treatment decisions with that of a group of 20 general dental practitioners. Both groups read the same set of 15 pairs of simulated bitewing radiographs. For each approximal tooth surface image, the examiners were asked to record on a six‐point rating scale the confidence with which they would or would not place a restoration. A histological gold standard was available, based on microscopic evaluation of sections of the extracted teeth used for study. The reference criterion was “caries into dentine”. The only statistically significant differences in performance between the two groups were at the “definitely” plus “probably” restore rating level. For the proportions of correct decisions out of all treatment decisions at this level, the epidemiologists scored 89% compared with 86% for the practitioners (P<0.01) while for Youden's J index, the corresponding values were 0.44 and 0.34 (P<0.05). The findings suggest that the benefits in improved performance from examiner training

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00823.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRestorative and dental caries depth decisions were recorded for 5168 unrestored approximal tooth surfaces by 17 dentists who worked in the school dental clinics of the North York (Ontario) Public Health Department. Each dentist examined 15 pairs of experimental bitewing radiographs for which true caries depth had previously been determined by microscopy of the sectioned teeth following production of the radiographs. The dentists independently recorded their restorative decisions and radiographic caries depth perceptions. The relationship between the variation in the dentists' restorative decisions and their perceptions of caries depth based on a re‐reading of the bitewings on the one hand, and true caries depth on the other was also examined. The percentages of total variability in each dentist's restorative decisions attributable to radiographic and to microscopic caries depth were estimated using regression analyses. Large variations were found among the 17 dentists' distributions of overall restorative and depth decisions. The relationship between microscopic caries depth and the dentists' restorative decisions was, understandably, less strong than that of the dentists' radiographic perceptions of caries depth and restorative decisions. Relative to true caries depth, high numbers of false positive and false negative restorative decisions were made. Overall, 50% of the variability in the dentists' restorative decisions was explained by their perceptions of radiographic caries depth; however, among individual dentists, the range was from 29% for one dentist to 69% for another. A much lower percentage of the overall restorative variation was explained by microscopic depth, 18%. Like the findings of the only two previous European studies that quantified the role of radiographs on clinical decisions, this study demonstrated that dentists' perceptions of dental caries depth using bitewing radiographs play a major but variable role in their restorative decisions for approximal tooth surface

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00824.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLack of concern about dental health contributes significantly to the reluctance of people to attend for dental check‐ups and to implement preventive dental measures. The aim of this study was to develop and assess a questionnaire method of detecting this attitude which was described as dental indifference. The questionnaire was tested on 910 dentate adults in Scotland. A 62% response rate was obtained. Five hundred of the respondents were then sent a second copy of the questionnaire to assess its reliability, a 67% response rate was obtained. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the first and second completion of the dental indifference questionnaire was 0.79. The internal consistency measured by Chronbach's alpha was 0.71. High scores on the dental indifference questionnaire were significantly associated with being young, male and a manual worker. High scorers had fewer teeth, on average, than the rest of the sample and more than half of them had no record of attending for denial care within 4 years. Those who did attend a dentist were more likely to have teeth filled or extracted. The dental indifference questionnaire may be useful for targeting groups who require oral health promotion activity and may prove to be a reliable means of identifying individuals who display behaviours which could be expected to be associated with a lack of interest in dental health, such as lack of compliance with oral care instructions and failing to complete courses of treatmen

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00825.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe the Dental health status of a group of Dutch 20–40‐yr‐old drug addicts (n=121) and to compare the results on DMFS with data of an age‐comparable sample of the general adult population in the Netherlands (n=1532). Mean DMFT of the addicted group was 16.9. ANOVA showed that the mean DMFS of the addicted group differed statistically significantly from the DMFS of the general population of the same age (= 52.1 versus 38.9). Statistically significant differences in DMFS were also found between the various age groups. The percentage of addicted subjects with more than cervical plaque on one or more teeth was 76.5%, 82.4% and 88.2% in the three youngest age groups. In almost all addicted subjects, bleeding of the gingiva was present. Only 36% had visited the dentist less than a year ago and 18% brushed their teeth less than once a day. It is concluded that there is a large gap in dental health status and behavior between drug addicts and the general population. Dental care as an integral part of the care for drug addicts is ad

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00826.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study investigated whether dental treatment plans and planning of general practitioners are different for addicted and identical non‐addicted patients. Dental practitioners (n=500) were sent a questionnaire with information on and questions about treatment for either an addicted or an identical non‐addicted patient; response rate was 41%. Loglinear analysis showed that after controlling for the influence of four demographic variables (sex, age, number pf patients and number of National Health Service insured patients), the treatment plans made for addicted patients were less elaborate than those for the non‐addicted. For the addicted, fillings or frames were proposed more often, whereas for non‐addicted patients more often crowns or bridges were proposed. Extraction instead of filling was more often proposed for the addicted patient. Less elaborate treatment for addicted patients corresponds to the way dentists specialized in treating drug addicts work, with one exception: extraction should be avoided whether a patient is addicted or not. Treatment planning did not differentiate for addicted and non‐addicted patients, whereas dentists specialized in treating addicted patients do recommend an adjusted treatment plan for the

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00827.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA survey was carried out to determine the reasons for tooth extractions of permanent teeth in Singapore. Data were obtained from 52 dentists practising general dentistry over a period of 12 months. At the end of the 12‐month period, data were collected from 1276 patients, from whom a total 272 teeth were extracted. In this population group, the results showed that the percentage of teeth extracted due to periodontal reasons and caries were about the same, that is, 35.8% and 35.4%, respectively. There was an increase in teeth extracted due to periodontal reasons with age. In patients above 40 yr, an average of 76% of teeth were lost due to periodontal reasons. An average of 26.7% of teeth were lost due to periodontal reasons in patients under 40 yr old. However, the trend for loss of teeth due to caries is reversed. Posterior teeth were more frequently extracted compared to anterior teeth. Third molars accounted for 24.7% of all extractions carried out. whilst central incisors were 8.0% of all extractions. Molars were often lost due to caries and lower anterior teeth were most frequently lost due to periodontal reasons. The results of this study did not demonstrate one predominant reason for extraction. Both caries and periodontal reasons were equally common causes of tooth extractio

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00828.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this descriptive, cross‐sectional community‐based investigation was to assess the self‐assessment of bleeding and plaque as methods to monitor gingival health among adolescents. Two study groups (n=184 each) of 14‐year‐old Finnish school children performed either of self‐assessment plaque or bleeding. Prior to that they were clinically examined by 10 dentists from the community dental service who recorded bleeding on probing from four surfaces of all teeth (BOP%) and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) status. The self‐assessment of plaque was not significantly correlated with a clinical bleeding on probing measurement (BOP%). The self‐assessment of bleeding, based on observed bleeding after toothbrushing and after interproximal cleaning with toothpicks, exhibited statistically significant correlation with BOP% (r=0.54,P<0.001). Percent agreement was 75%, kappa agreement 0.33, sensitivity 31% and specificity 71%. respectively. In conclusion, the preliminary results suggest that the self‐assessment of bleeding does not have sufficient validity for screening individuals but it could be a useful method for monitoring gingival health of populations, in particular, if the concurrent aim is to enhance peri

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00829.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough dentistry is considered to be a stressful occupation, few data exist on work stress among dental assistants. In a previous paper, the extent and nature of work stress among this group was described and linked to a behavioural outcome: namely, intentions to change jobs or seek work outside of dentistry. In this paper the psychological outcomes of work stress, in the form of job satisfaction and emotional well‐being, are examined. Using data collected by a mail survey, it was revealed that the main sources of dissatisfaction for dental assistants were low incomes, lack of opportunity to develop professionally and a lack of recognition. Almost one‐in‐live had scores on a standard measure of emotional distress, which indicated a cause for concern. Work stress proved to be a significant predictor of job satisfaction, and work stress and job satisfaction emerged as significant predictors of emotional well‐being. Social support while at work showed direct and interactive effects on job satisfaction hut not emotional well‐being. Role ambiguity, under‐utilization of skills and low self‐esteem emerged as important issues. These results are of interest theoretically and have important implications for the way denial practice and dentistry

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00830.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of the present investigation was to assess the prevalence and nature of occupation‐related health problems among Swedish dental laboratory technicians. A 4‐page questionnaire listing seven groups of health complaints was completed by 489 male and 242 female technicians, representing 56% of the active members of their organization. Similar information from 163 males and 160 females with other occupations was used for comparison. The biannual prevalence of health problems among the technicians was 79%, comprising musculoskeletal (68%), dermal (34%), respiratory (31%), neurological (26%), systemic (19%) and eyesight/hearing problems (15%). Job‐specific ergonomic and stress factors were responsible for museuloskeletal and neurological (finger) reactions, whereas chemical insults, grinding dusts and indoor climate caused dermal, respiratory and systemic reactions. There was no age prevalence as regards health complaints, but female technicians consistently showed a larger prevalence of museuloskeletal, dermal, systemic and neurological complaints than their male counterparts (P<0.05, x2). A similar sex difference was also present in the control group. A considerable part of the reactions were perceived to be of minor importance, bringing the total biannual prevalence down to 57%. However, the prevalence of job‐related health complaints was still higher among the technicians than in the control groups for all indicators except systemic and eyesight/hearing problems. The profile of health complaints among dental laboratory technicians was characterized by musculoskeletal, neurological and dermal reaction, underlining the importance of job‐specific ergonomic and chemical hazards. Only a few of the technicians had consulted medical

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00831.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY