摘要:

As the delivery of high-quality medical care becomes increasingly dependent on the attitudes and behaviors of health care workers, more analysis of personnel programs designed for hospital employees is needed. This research examines the organizational socialization of hospital employees—the ways in which employees are attracted to, recruited by, and developed and trained within hospitals. Using interview and questionnaire data collected from one hundred eighteen hospital employees (nurses, nurse's aides, radiology technologists, tradesmen, and accounting clerks), the research first identifies three distinct stages of socialization and specifies the activities engaged in by employees at each stage. Secondly, the research identifies four variables as possible outcomes of the socialization process (general satisfaction, mutual influence, internal work motivation, and job involvement) and empirically links important aspects of the socialization process to those outcomes. Finally, some differences between the experiences of professional, paraprofessional, and nonprofessional workers are identified and explained, and implications for the conduct of hospital socialization programs are drawn.

ISSN:0025-7079    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

British postgraduate medical training practices are reviewed. Because of the method of appointment and the type of positions available, there is a tendency toward fragmentation of training experience and of doctor-patient association in the early period of training. The commitment of the National Health Service to provide junior hospital staff to each senior clinician taking care of patients, combined with the scarcity of senior positions in the National Health Service, tends to increase the influx of junior trainees from outside Great Britain. These immigrant physicians are frequently responsible for the bedside care of patients, but they have only a minimal hope of progressing to a permanent senior post in the National Health Service. As a result, patients receive a good deal of their care from clinician-trainees who will never qualify at the lop level of British 'medicine. On the other hand, the organization of the inpatient training program provides a high degree of flexibility for the trainee, and a better chance to follow patients through the vicissitudes of their disease than does the American system.

ISSN:0025-7079    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Numerous factors have adversely influenced appraisals of the competence of foreign medical graduates. The statistical design of some comparative studies has been weak. Language and cultural backgrounds of foreign graduates have varied. Foreign physicians who have completed school at various times in the past have been graded according to a test designed to be taken during the fourth year of American medical schools. Licensing examinations and grading have varied from state to state. To reach reliable conclusions, matched samples of adequate size must be studied under controlled conditions.

ISSN:0025-7079    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0025-7079    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A nurse rehabilitator, supplementing routine physician/nursing coronary care unit (CCU) care, was found to be effective in increasing the return to work rate (p < .05) and decreasing smoking (p < .05) in a randomized trial of 102 patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). These outcomes were thought to be due to the nurse rehabilitator's efforts in increasing patient knowledge of heart disease (p < .01) and individual counseling.

ISSN:0025-7079    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Because of health care inequities that still persist under federal and state sponsorship plans, many local government agencies are starting to consider ways of directly providing medical services to the poor. Over 100 years' experience with direct provision programs in the City of Cincinnati, however, have been ultimately counterproductive.A unique three-way contract developed by the Board of Health, a private multispecialty physicians' group and a consumer advocate organization has recently allowed Cincinnati to implement a delivery system that integrates mechanisms for prepaid public health care into a fee-for-service private group practice, all within the context of a community-based neighborhood health care facility. While it is still too early to make a full evaluation of this public health care group practice model, there are already indications that its services will be superior to those offered in Cincinnati's traditional public clinics.

ISSN:0025-7079    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Random samples of nurses in two states which differed in abortion statutes were sent questionnaires. Content areas included experience with 12 specific nursing activities associated with abortion, willingness to participate in the same activities, and extent of agreement with statements related to abortion. Attitudes toward abortion were inferred from the willingness-to-participate items and from the agreement section. These two measures correlated highly suggesting a common underlying dimension. However, the two samples differed significantly in extent of agreement but did not differ in willingness to participate. These results were interpreted as supporting the position that attitudes derived from items using situational contexts might bear a better relationship to behavior. The findings also suggest that abortion facilities can probably be staffed without violating personal preferences since so many expressed willingness to participate in at least some of the activities. Comparison across the two samples suggest that increased experience or even the potential for experience with abortion patients tended to increase the favorableness of attitudes toward this issue.

ISSN:0025-7079    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

With the reduction in need for elective abortion as a long-term goal, the effectiveness of abortion clinic counseling programs provided at the time of elective pregnancy termination is evaluated using post-abortion contraceptive behavior as a measure. Using eight, free-standing abortion clinics located in Chicago, Illinois a control group design is employed in order to examine the hypothesis that patients attending clinics which provide a structured, comprehensive birth control counseling session at the time of their abortion will show a higher use rate of effective contraceptive methods than those patients attending clinics which do not provide such information. Results support this hypothesis. The differences are particularly noticeable in the subpopulation of teenagers with no preabortion history of contraceptive use.

ISSN:0025-7079    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0025-7079    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0025-7079    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID