ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1986.tb01011.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper considers the determination of employment in four Scottish industries. The specifications considered are classified as either Keynesian or neoclassical in nature by reference to the relevant economic theory. The statistical assessment of an estimated equation involves the calculation of a number of diagnostic test statistics which assess, amongst other things, the accuracy of the forecasts produced by the equation. To distinguish between alternative estimated equations we employ non‐nested (or separate) test procedures. The results obtained suggest Keynesian type specifications are superior for three of the four industries considere

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1986.tb01012.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn this paper a perturbation model for population mobility investigation is presented. Following Syski (1978), the transformation approach is applied. The perturbation of a non‐stationary Markow chain is represented by a stochastic transformation defined on the state space of the process. The main problem discussed is how the perturbation model may be estimated from the aggregate time series data? An application of the model to the interregional migration processes observed in a four‐city system in Poland is presen

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1986.tb01013.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to test the Rogers‐Castro model migration schedules, according to age and sex, in Polish conditions. Results obtained in the study corroborate that the structures of migration schedules in the multiregional system are regular and stable in time. It is shown that the differences in inter‐ and intra‐regional migrations in Poland point to the complex nature of these phenomena and their causes, and above all to the impact of the socio‐economic development upon their

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1986.tb01014.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper is concerned primarily with the problems of estimating the production possibility parameters of multiregional economic planning models of a mathematical programming form. It reviews and illustrates a technique known as Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and examines the application of this technique to the problem of production function estimation. The standard use of DEA for measuring relative efficiencies of production units is noted. A method for generating input demand and output supply functions using data envelope parameters is presented. Some comments are made about the ‘missing facet problem’, which effects this method's reliability, and a procedure for avoiding the problem is outlined. An alternative approach to supply and demand function estimation based on activity coefficient data is described. Two methods for measuring the relative effectiveness of production units are also presented. Finally, a strategy for using DEA to provide a streamlined activity analysis coefficient matrix for multiregional economic planning models is suggested, and some questions on the practical application and theoretical applicability of DEA‐estimated models are consi

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1986.tb01015.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDue to the similarities in their conditions several general trends manifested themselves in the regional development processes of East European countries. The basis for these trends was given by the relatively low level of economic development and infrastructural supply and by the extensive industrialisation policy and economic development after World War II. Regional structure of economy and society was fundamentally transformed during the period of extensive development; on the other hand the objectives of regional policy were also similar at the beginning of the intensive period. Hungarian regional policy corresponds to the general efforts in Eastern Europe, while at the same time it also has certain differences because of the special character of its economic management system.

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1986.tb01016.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe paper follows up the spatial impact of the global evolution process from the epoch of “Classical Europe” until today with the help of a theoreticohistorical methodology elaborated by the author.It demonstrates the role of the structural elements in influencing the relation ship between towns and their rural areas in both the motion and the evolution of the process: the inner regularity that motivated the behavior of natural, social, economic and physical structural elements between each other and towards the processes: the characteristics of the natural course of the process and its main stages: and the factors which played the decisive role in changing its direction, the driving force of development and its supporting elements.The paper addresses the question concerning which factors determine perspectively the future of regional development in Europe and what kind of new spatial structures could be outlined on this basis?The strategies, which vary depending upon space, time, technological development level, sociopolitical superstructure and development conceptions, require a new kind of approach on behalf of regional scientists.In developing the structure analysis the author starts from classical spatial theories, underlining the classical roots of surviving theories, since there is also a need to continue their history of evolution. At the same time the analysis shows that there is a certain divergence with regard to the main elements of spatial processes, the difficulties of its recognition and the dangers this might invo

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1986.tb01017.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTEnvironmental aspects of energy conversion, in particular the generation of electricity, play an important role in the decision process on energy projects. A decision support model is proposed which distinguished three evaluation levels of environmental aspects: the emission level, the concentration level and the effect level. Multi‐criteria analysis (a combination of the “expected value method” and the “weighted summation”) and graphical presentation methods are used in evaluate the model which is implemented for seven electricity producing energy conversion systems, ranging from nuclear and coal, to oil, gas and wind. These systems are evaluated on the following to environmental criteria: acidification, photo‐chemical pollution, climatic effects, noise, thermal pollution, solid and nuclear waste, land use requirement, risk and visual

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1986.tb01018.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an economic‐ecological simulation model for environmental policy analysis, developed at the Institute for environmental Studies. We first discuss the concepts and context of the model and then present an outline of the structure and a selection of the results of a case study on the impacts of air pollution control policies in the Netherland

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1986.tb01019.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIIASA's model of Acid Rain is an interactive set of submodels with graphical output. The model has been developed in collaboration with UN Economic Commission for Europe and in the context of the Geneva Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution. The model covers five compartments of which up to now three have been implemented as submodels. Starting with energy scenarios for the whole of Europe, the first submodel calculates sulfur emissions on a country‐by‐country basis. The second submodel consists of a transfer matrix for the transport of sulfur emissions. The third submodel lakes the deposition figures as input and converts them to forest soil pH. The last submodel calculates acidity changes in lakes in Scandinavia. The models time coverage is the period 1960‐1980 for base calculations and the period 1980‐2030 for scenario analysis. The time resolution is one year. The models spatial coverage is all 27 European countries on a spatial resolution of about 100 × 100 km.The models output are several, including maps of Europe showing isolines of sulfur deposition and areas with a soil pH below a certain level which can be chosen by the user.Future research within IIASA's Acid Rain project will focus on analysing uncertainly, modelling of direct forest impacts, inclusion of other pollutants and economic evaluation of s

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1986.tb01020.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY