摘要:

ABSTRACTWith regard to the labour market, the dominant feature during recent years has been a substantial rise in unemployment. The present paper examines the regional implications of this tendency and confronts it with the present state of regional growth theory. It is argued that the latter cannot account for recent regional developments for two main reasons: firstly the role of regional cumulation and concentration of problem groups on the labour market is neglected, and secondly the regional impact of short‐ and medium‐term economic trends is not adequately taken into account. The paper elucidates these aspects on empirical grounds and makes suggestions as to which revisions are necessary to better cope with the recent regional cha

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1983.tb01648.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTRecently, the spatial aspects of innovation have received increased attention, from researchers first, and later from policy makers. In this paper we show how some concepts of‘macro’innovation theory, such as 'selection environment’and‘facilitators and constraints’can be used to advantage in matters of regional development. From the results of some case studies for specific European regions we have drawn an outline of a regional innovation policy for the European Community. However, to be successful, such a policy needs to be tailored to the specific requirements of ea

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1983.tb01649.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn 1979 the German federal government introduced for the first time on a major scale a special employment programme that was limited to specific‘problem regions’. Nearly 50,000 persons took part in the programme. The impact of the programme as a whole and the various programme parts on different regions and groups of unemployed were investigated. The programme's impact on unemployment was investigated by means of a time‐series analysis and the impact on the employment level with different forecasting methods. In addition, cross‐sectional analysis has been performed. The results of all models lead to the conclusion that the programme lowered the level of unemployment by about 0.3

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1983.tb01650.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe design of a spatial Framework in multi‐ and interregional modelling is a crucial element of the research process. In this paper an attempt is made to present some empirical evidence with respect to two hypotheses, the scale hyothesis and the aggregation hypothesis. This will be achieved by estimating the parameters and testing the performance of a multiregional labour supply model for Austria. Five regionalisation approaches are specified for delineating (functional) labour market regions. The paper shows that it is by no means admissible to ignore possible effects of the spatial representation choice. The fundamental question of which regionalisation should be chosen should be decided on the basis of relevant evaluation criteri

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1983.tb01651.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTUntil now, the majority of environmental and economic problems have been studied in a monodisciplinary way so that the impacts between different variables are neglected. An integrated environmental model has been developed in which economic, geographical and spatial elements are analysed in relation to the natural environment. The results of integrated modelling are relevant for physical planning because insight is obtained about the medium‐long term (i.e., 5–15 years) consequences of a concrete plan for a reg

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1983.tb01652.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe Regional Development Group at IIASA and the Regional Institute for Economic Planning of Tuscany (IRPET) are currently engaged in a Case Study of the use of system analytic methods aimed at medium‐term forecasting, impact analysis, policy evaluation and planning, related to the Tuscany region in Italy. In this paper, we give an overview of the individual elements of that models system, based on a biregional input‐output model, and of the interrelations between them. We also propose and provide a common frame of reference for the work on the various sub‐models currently being developed or planned. Finally we will dwell on a possible final structure of the system including appropriate computer sof

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1983.tb01653.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTFor land outside the sea‐dikes of the northern part of the province of Friesland five alternative land‐reclamation plans have been made. Agricultural organizations and the Province are in favour of the larger plans because of their expected economic benefits, which mainly accrue to arable farming — wholesale and processing. Environmental organizations are against these plans because of the expected damage to the valuable natural environment of the Dutch Shallows. The plans proposed primarily serve regional interests, have large indirect economic effects, and are finally decided upon by central government. It is argued that for an economic evaluation of such projects an integrated interregional cost‐benefit and input‐output analysis is most adequate. Under the present Dutch administrative and financial lack of decentralization, it appears to make a great difference whether the cost‐benefit analyses are made from a regional point of veiw or made from the more usual national

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1983.tb01654.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper shows that household location theory should probably be based on another foundation that the von Thunen‐Muth‐Alonso‐Mills paradigm of location in relation to some predetermined market place or CBD. We argue that the formation of such centres is part of an interdependency analysis of the working of a metropolitan area. Such an interdependency principle is partially tested in this paper. Based on econometrically estimated parameters it has been possible to simulate the equilibrium structure of population in 1977 based on data from the Stockholm region in 1975. The fit is remarkably close and suggests that further development of this type of model is likely to be worth

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1983.tb01655.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study proposes the continuous deterministic interaction model of the spread of a set of competitive innovations in space and time, and presents the Volterra‐Lotka type vectorial differential equation of the diffusion process. Three major themes are considered: i) the competitive exclusion principle and the Markov chain's approximation of the diffusion process in the neighbourhood of equilibrium points, ii) the structure of competition based on the existence of explicit analytical formulas for the solution of the non‐linear Volterra‐Lotka type vectorial differential equation for the totally antagonistic approximation of the diffusion process within the vicinity of quasi equilibrium curves; and iii) the structure of the social and physical environment, the main extreme tendencies of behaviour of adoption units and places of the environmental niches, which are the focuses of resistance and support for different competing innova

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1983.tb01656.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwo sources of urban growth differentials that intimately stem from the interdependencies between cities are unequal gains from interurban commodity trade, and spatial differentials in corporate ownership. Each of these phenomena has the potential of redistributing the physical and monetary surplus accruing from production unevenly between cities. This study develops a theoretical model to examine these problems, taking as its starting point a Marxian model of reproduction, prices, profits and wages. An interurban model of production and trade for a capitalist society with production restricted to small enterprises is constructed. Some system‐wide and local accounting relationships are formulated that reveal the flows of profits, investment income, and surplus value between cities as a result of the postulated trading patterns. These are used to demonstrate the difference between profit and surplus value movements among locations, and to mathematically formulate the classical problem of unequal exchange of labour values relative to monetary value

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1983.tb01657.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY