ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1995.tb00629.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTRegional policies may be motivated by numerous objectives involving the reduction of economic disparities. For example, they may be directed toward greater interpersonal and interfamily equity from a national perspective, reduction of unemployment, or the activation of underutilized resources in economically lagging regions. How ever, the formation and implementation of such policies face many conceptual and measurement difficulties. In view of these problems, the objectives of equity‐oriented policies may be better addressed through non‐spatial policies that target specific disadvantaged gro

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1995.tb00630.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the development of disparities between the regions of the European Union over a very long period of time. It does so by reviewing the relevant theoretical, empirical and prospective literature. First, the contributions of the; different schools of thought on regional growth are reviewed. They are inconclusive as to the outcome of the process in terms of convergence or divergence. Next, empirical studies into the differential development of European regions are reviewed, covering the whole period of the industrial revolution to our present time. The resulting picture reveals a considerable diversity of patterns. Over the postwar period, characterized by increased economic integration, a decrease in disparity has been recorded. Poorer regions have used their improved access to the European market and their better opportunities for attracting mobile capital to each up the likely behavior of the regional system of Europe are examined. In the future, new forms of economic integration (deepening like the EMU, and widening with the central European countries) will to a large extent shape the environment for regional developments. All in all, these factors are likely to bring more disparity. Therefore, increased attention should be given to policies that stimulate new ways of mobilizing the diverse potential of the various regions of the enlarged Europe.

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1995.tb00631.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the effects of European Monetary Union (EMU) on regional convergence. First information is provided about the magnitude and the evolution of regional disparities. Subsequently, the relation between economic integration and long run regional convergence is discussed. Third, regional convergence is shown to be dependent on flexible regional adjustment to changing economic conditions. In the transition to and in the final stage of EMU sufficient regional wage flexibility will be requires to cope with adverse economic shocks. The last part of the paper estimates the reponse or regional labor income to region‐shape and national shock

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1995.tb00632.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe paper examines GDP per capita growth rated among subnational regions of the European Union between 1950 and 1990. Previous research has suggested that a slow process of convergence (or “catch‐up”) has occurred over the period since 1950. Estimation of a catch‐up growth model using a modified and larger set of regions than previously the case suggests that existing measures of convergence rates need to be revised downwards and that convergence rates have been reduced in the 1970s and 1980s compared with th

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1995.tb00633.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn the two hundred year history of American macroeconomic development there have been four great surges in inequality. Each followed a stagflation crisis and was accompanied by a turn of the electorate to more conservative commercially‐oriented candidates for the presidency and congress. Each stage was followed, in turn, by an egalitarian backlash in which a political agenda dominated by technological innovation, efficiency and growth was replaced by one concerned with social innovation, equity and redistribution. These interlocking macroeconomic and political rhythms point to a long wave reinterpretation of the Kuznets conjecture on the relations of the inequality and economic growth within the contact of a containing dialectic between capitalism and democracy in Americ

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1995.tb00634.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe positive association between the growth of polarized urbanized areas and economic growth well as the association between economic policy orientation and economic growth are examined with records covering a 40‐year period, starting in 1950, for both Japan and the U.S. Based on a comparison of periods with distinct growth rates, this positive association was confirmed for both countries. In the case of Japan, an economic policy in favor of small government was found to be associated with higher economic growth. However, no such association was found for the U.S. Instead, it was found that an optimistic and self confident state of mind is associated with a higher degree of polarization in the U.S. The difference between the two cases may be attributable lo differences in national prioritie

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1995.tb00635.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes an explanation of unbalanced regional growth and regional inequalities based on the view that human behaviour is motivated either to reduce the physiological state of arousal or to increase it. While arousal reduction is the basis of conventional economic analysis arousal augmentation is seldom considered. This paper argues that arousal augmentation motivates society to seek technological and socioeconomic innovations that trigger economic progress. The mechanism for this progress is seen as a synthesis of spatial growth poles and temporal long waves.

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1995.tb00636.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY