摘要:

ABSTRACTIndustrial design can be used to explore some ideas in producer services research. Its geographical location and position in a corporate structure can indicate much about the character of regions and corporations because it represents a way that knowledge is incorporated into production. Hence the size, location and organisation of industrial design can be an important indicator of the vitality of regions. This paper illustrates how these perspectives con be derived, and provides two frameworks that could be used to structure detailed empirical research on firms, industries and regions.

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1996.tb00664.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe evolving intermodal transportation network of North America is resulting in a concentration of traffic at a number of inland load centers. A wide range of services an; involved in the organization and transfer of unitized freight, and it is postulated that the traffic concentration has been particularly favorable to the growth of services in the hub cities. This paper examines the way in which services have responded to the evolving intermodal system. It reports on a survey of producer services undertaken in Toronto, Winnipeg, Calgary, Columbus and Memphis. It reveals that despite the recent recession, producer services linked to intermodal transportation have been growing, but that the growth has come mainly from enterprises with a relatively small labor force. Many are branch offices of large national and multi‐national corporations that are themselves directing the intermodal revolution. The evidence suggests that the vertical disintegration taking place in the broader service economy is not being repeated in the transport secto

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1996.tb00665.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDrawing from flexible production literature on industrial networks, this research pays particular attention to the socially embedded nature of firm linkages in a distribution sector. The empirical study of Chinese‐owned computer wholesale firms within Los Angeles County shows that the presence of ethnic identity plays a significant role in the internal operation and external transactions of Chinese firms. Ethnic relations facilitate interactions within the ethnic group, producing a closely knit ethnic network within the industry. The heavy reliance on ethnic networks also has led Chinese firms to a notable geographical separation from the remaining firms in the same secto

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1996.tb00666.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe issue of theinterurbanlocation of high order service activities (i. e., producer services and finance, insurance and real estate services) was one of the major areas investigated by service industries researchers during the 1980s; the spatial concentration of high order services in a relatively small number of large metropolitan areas is now a well documented fact. In the 1990s, researchers are increasingly turning their focus on theintrametropolitanlocation of these activities. In particular, certain studies have shown that high order services have begun to leave their “natural habitat”–the CBD–in order to locate in suburban office agglomerations. This paper explores the intrametropolitan location issue in the specific context of the Montreal Census Metropolitan Area (CMA), employing data derived from a detailed survey of 324 high order service establishments. We first examine patterns of intrametropolitan mobility, in terms of both establishments and employment; spatial stability, rather than decentralization, is evident. Next, we explore locational factors from the viewpoint of site attributes. Accessibility to the establishment for clients and land costs or rental prices emerge as the major factors. Finally, we conduct a logistic regression analysis in order to identify the principal characteristics of high order service establishments that may be used to explain their location within the Montreal CMA. The majority of the characteristics found to be statistically significant involve market linkages to clients, either in terms of the geographic distribution of clients or the types of clients

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1996.tb00667.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPresents results from a recent study of the use of business service consultancies by major UK companies in managing strategic change. This use is examined in relation to all the sources of skilled management labor available to these companies. The focal professes supporting business service development are interaction and competition between the ‘expert labor’ they offer and that available from the internal labor markets of clients. These processes also underpin modern regional agglomeration trends. Systematic variations appear in the use of consultancies affording to client size, mode of control, growth, sector and location. It is argued, however, that patterns of business service use fundamentally reflect the management capabilities of client firms in relation to various types of strategic change. In some cases it substitutes for client deficiencies. More often it appears to supplement client strengths across a variety of both sector‐specific and more universally applicable expertise. It is concluded that the availability of expert managerial labor is a critical but neglected aspect of regional economic development, of which the growth of business services is one important manifest

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1996.tb00668.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTProducer services employment has grown rapidly within advanced economies in recent years. The bases of demand related to this growth are not well understood by regional scientists. A common view is that this growth is largely attributable to cost‐driven factors and vertical disintegration processes on the part of producer service users. This paper demonstrates that cost‐driven externalization is not the most important force underlying growth in demand for producer services. The need for specialized knowledge is by far the most important factor behind producer services demand, combined with a variety of other cost, quasi‐cost, and non‐cost‐driv

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1996.tb00669.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe traditional view of interaction in spatial markets has boon challenged by recent studies of producer service trade in the space economy. These studies find that although city‐size and distance influence the direction and spatial extent of interaction, patterns of trade oftentimes counter expectations as trade flows up the urban hierarchy and across large distances. This paper seeks to determine whether the ownership structure of establishments contributes to deviations from the traditional model of hierarchical interaction. Using trade data obtained from surveys of 547 producer service establishments, patterns of trade originating from a five‐tier urban hierarchy are examined empirically and evaluated using spatial survivor functions and logit models. The results indicate that the ownership structure of establishments contributes significantly to deviations from expected patterns of interaction. Independently owned establishments have smaller spatial markets and interact more often with smaller sized cities, Nonindependently owned establishments, in contrast, trade down and up the urban hierarchy in a manner much less sensitive to dista

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1996.tb00670.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTForeign direct investment in United States service sectors is an essential component of the competition among global industrial core regions. European, Canadian, and Japanese firms generate most foreign services jobs. Acquisition is the favored mode of entry and foreign establishments are generally larger and pay higher wages than their domestic counterparts. Though the surge of foreign investment in the 1980s was sectorally extensive, jobs in foreign services firms grew much faster than those in manufacturing. This paper reports a regression analysis of the location of foreign employment in six disaggregated sectors across U.S. states in 1987. The results show that foreign and domestic interstate locational patterns of employment strongly correlate. Because acquisition is the most common mode of entry, this empirical finding suggests that the supply of acquisition candidates primarily decides foreign investors' locational choices. Additional influences on location include the concentration of jobs in foreign business and professional services firms in localized areas of production, a general attraction of foreign investors in most service sectors to states with skilled labor forces, and an avoidance of Rocky Mountain and Great Plains states. 1 found little evidence that foreign investors in services avoid high‐wage states mort: than their domestic counterpart

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1996.tb00671.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1996.tb00663.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY