摘要:

In terms of their regional tectonic setting, SE Turkey and NE Syria belong to the Persian Gulf basin, and the essential structural features of SW Iran and N Iraq are readily discernible here. Large, elongated folds of Alpine (Mio‐Pliocene) age dominate the structure of the region, and the intensity of deformation increases towards the north, in the direction of the Taurus orogenic zone.Five major depositional cycles have been recognized in the sedimentary record of SE Turkey and NE Syria, and the stratigraphy of the area has been outlined. The depositional cycles are late Precambrian, Cambro‐Devonian, Permo‐Carboniferous to Upper Jurassic, Lower‐Cretaceous to Lower Eocene and Middle Eocene to Recent in age. Important regional unconformities are present at the base of the Permo‐Carboniferous to Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous to Lower Eocene cycles. The effects of the latter unconformity are particularly marked north of the Diyarbakir‐Mardin swell in southeast Turkey, and it has adversely affected the petroleum potential of this region.Several giant oilfields have been discovered in NE Syria, while in SE Turkey the accumulations are small by Middle East standards and are often only marginally commercial. The difference in size of accumulations is due to more favourable source, reservoir and caprock relationships in the former area. Many of the structures in NE Syria can be regarded as multi‐objective with Tertiary, Upper Cretaceous, Lower Jurassic and Triassic prospects, whereas in SE Turkey the effects of the late Jurassic–early Cretaceous uplift and erosion seem to have restricted the potential pay zones largely to the Upper Cretaceous–Palaeocene section.Geochemical evidence suggests separate sources for the Tertiary, Cretaceous and Lower Mesozoic crudes of NE Syria, and in SE Turkey much of the currently produced oil is believed to have been generated by late Maestrichtian–Palaeocene basinal shales. However, in both areas there is some evidence that at least part of the oils now trapped in Upper Cretaceous‐Tertiary reservoirs in certain fields ma

ISSN:0141-6421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-5457.1979.tb00626.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Present geodynamic models treat the continents and ocean basins as separate tectonic domains, whereas the few coordinated attempts to extend continental geology into the deep marine basins, and vice versa, suggest that the two domains may not be so easily distinguished. Flood‐basalt provinces provide one striking example of the great similarity between parts of some continents and the deep‐sea floor. In at least two areas, continental flood basalts can be traced directly into the oceanic realm. Because of this, modern geodynamic models may have to be revised.Flood basalts also can be associated with petroleum occurrences. Three examples include the discovery of gas beneath Jurassic basalts off north western Australia, of oil beneath Late Jurassic or early Cretaceous basalts off Ghana, and of gas and oil beneath Jurassic to Triassic sills in the Middle and Upper Amazon basins of Bra

ISSN:0141-6421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-5457.1979.tb00627.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Isoreflectance maps of vitrinites in coals and phytoclasts (coaly inclusions) in the Coal Measures of S. Wales show a progressive increase in vitrinite reflectance with increase in coal rank and grade of metamorphism towards the anthracite area in the west, without significant variation in reflectances of coals with present depth. Differences between values of vitrinite reflectance in coals and phytoclasts in the same profile are recorded and attributed to variations in depositional environments, and to susceptibility to alteration of the host rocks. Spores in the Coal Measures are progressively carbonized (from golden brown to black) towards the west, and this is not a function of present depth of burial. Reflectance of vitrinites in coals, degree of spore carbonization and coal rank are used in definition of three different diagenetic zones in the coalfield. The Coal Measures could have acted as a source for accumulations of gas in the Permo‐Triassic sequence of the south Irish Sea, if necessary geologic conditions are present. Burial metamorphism (application of Hilt's law) could have caused the coalification of S. Wales coals up to the high and medium volatile bituminous stages (up to the late diagenetic stage). A relationship is established between the lateral variation in coal rank in the coalfield and the regional variation in coal rank in the southern British Isles, where two regions of markedly different geothermal history are recognised. The Diagenetic Zone in the E and S parts of the coalfields marks the final stage in the thermal history of the cold region (the W margin of London Stable Massif), whilst the Anchimetamorphic Zone in the NW part (the anthracite area) represents the final stage in the thermal history of the hot region (the S margin of St. George's Land).Phytoclasts and spores are recorded for the first time from the Dinantian massive limestones of S. Wale

ISSN:0141-6421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-5457.1979.tb00628.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The area between Wadi Wardan and Wadi Gharandal lies within the rift of the Gulf of Suez, the Clysmic rift, and is part of an elongated zone of outcropping Miocene deposits which show considerable persistence in a NNW to SSE direction, but which undergo frequent and rapid facies changes from W to E. The rocks are folded into a series of asymmetrical anticlinal flexures and synclines, sometimes faulted, whose axes trend NNW to SSE. They prove to be drape structures overlying pre‐Miocene blocks which are generally tilted. Block faulting began during Oligocene times and persisted through Miocene into the post‐Miocene period. The blocks dip westwards, towards the centre of the rift, and are generally bounded by antithetic faults. The structures described in this paper are typical for the whole region of the Clysmic rift. There are no beds of Oligocene age and no igneous rocks, either of extrusive or of intrusive origin, occur in association with Miocene or later deposits.The area has proved to be important economically. Three oilfields have been discovered there–Sudr (which lies some kilometres N of Wadi Wardan) in 1946, Ras Metarma in 1948, and Asl in 1949. In each case, the reservoir rock is found near the base of the Miocene or in Eocene limestone at or near the top of a Wdipping block of pre‐Miocene strata. Marls and gypsum or anhydrite deposits invariably form the cappi

ISSN:0141-6421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-5457.1979.tb00629.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

No better summary of the outlook for the mineral raw materials industry during the next two decades can be offered than the oft‐repeated aphorism, “The more things change, the more they remain the same”. Each mineral commodity will pursue its own individual course, but overall, the growth and increasing sophistication of the world population will double consumption and narrow such gaps as exist between supply and demand. Sources of supply will be found over a widening geographic range and will cross an increasing number of political boundaries. Although the need for an international mineral policy is obvious, confrontation between the industrial nations of the West and the anti‐colonialism and nationalism of Third World countries offers little hope of anything better than ad hoc solutions in the form of bilateral agreements or cartelization of specific commodities involving several producing nations with common interests. Japan has shown the efficacy of bilateral agreements; the International Tin Council and OPEC are examples of cartelization. Although its mineral resources make the USSR all but self‐sufficient, analysis of its military and maritime programmes indicates that one of its aims is to fill the vacuum created by the lack of an international mineral policy. It is following closely a modernized formula for world domination set forth by Sir Halford Mackinder in 1904. Success would enable it to impose a mineral “policy” on the rest of the world, which will be well advised to ponder thi

ISSN:0141-6421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-5457.1979.tb00630.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:“Window on Oil. a Survey of World Petroleum Resources”, by Bernardo F. Grossling.“Oil in Latin America”, by Hugh O'Shaughnessy“Petroleum Formation and Occurrence: a New Approach to Oil and Gas Exploration”, by B. P. Tissot and D. H. Welte“Coal Resources of the Americas: Selected Papers”, edited by F. E. Kottlowski, A. T. Cross, and A. A. Meyerhoff“Oil, Energy and Growth–the next twenty years”, Derek Riley“China: Business Opportunities”, by Geoffrey Hemy“Soviet Preparations for Major Boost of Oil Exports.” Petro Studies Report GOP‐782. by M. M. Jermol and L. A. MagnussonDynamic metamorphism: processes and products in Devonian carbonate rocks. Canning Basin, Western Australia by B. W. Logan and V. Semeniuk, Ed. B. D. Webby“Editing Scientific Books and Journals”, M. O'Connor“Sources of Geological Information for S. E. Asia ”Geological Society, Miscellaneous Paper No. 9“A Palaeogeological Map of the Lower Palaeozoic Floor below the cover of Upper Devonian, Carboniferous and later formations with inferred and speculative reconstructions of the Lower Palaeozoic and Precambrian outcrops in adjacent areas” L. J. Wills, Ed. B. E. Leake, Geol. Soc., London, Memoir No. 8“Current Titles in Speleology, No. 11, The Literature of 1978” Ed. Ray Mansfield“The History of Geophysical Prospecting” by George Elliot Sweet. Third EditionFinancial Times Oil and Gas International Year Book 1978/791978/9

ISSN:0141-6421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-5457.1979.tb00631.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0141-6421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-5457.1979.tb00632.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0141-6421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-5457.1979.tb00633.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0141-6421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-5457.1979.tb00634.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY