ISSN:0141-6421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-5457.1990.tb00845.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A historical review of the development of the stratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous rocks in the Arabian Peninsula and Gulf provides a partial explanation for many of the different formational names. A type section is presented for the United Arab Emirates, and lithofacies variations within the region are related to it. In addition to the simple model of migration of predominantly shallow‐water facies belts across a shelf, the Upper Cretaceous also contains deep‐water facies due to the onset of plate‐margin tectonic activity, which resulted in the emplacement of the Hawasina complex and the Semail ophiolites of Oman.As observed in the earlier mid‐ and Lower Cretaceious rocks, two cycles can be recognized. These are found in the SE part of the region, in contrast with the mid‐Cretaceous, where two cycles are more clearly recognized in th

ISSN:0141-6421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-5457.1990.tb00846.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

After a phase of InfraCambrian and Early Cambrian intra‐continental extension and rifting, the Arabian and adjoining plates formed a part of the stable shelf in Gondwanaland from the Middle Cambrian through the Ordovician. The InfraCambrian‐Early Cambrian syn‐rift sedimentary sequences include organically‐rich source rocks and evaporites, while the Cambro‐Ordovician rocks include widespread sandstones which constitute a reservoir.The Ordovician‐Silurian boundary is characterized by glacial advances from Gandwanaland into western Arabia. The final glacial retreat in the Early Silurian was followed by a sharp transgression, which rapidly flooded the Arabian and adjoining plates and deposited organically‐rich transgressive shales. These are a major source rock in the Middle East and

ISSN:0141-6421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-5457.1990.tb00847.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abundant field data collected within the past twelve years or so show that all published explanations for the origin of this 2.4MM sq. km region violates some of these data. Among them, one fact is of paramount importance. This is the discovery that none of the great east‐west fracture zones is a boundary between different, but coeval, lithofacies. Instead, several major facies boundaries (in rocks of various ages) form a zigzag pattern across the various blocks of the region. This fact, in turn, means that most published tectonic interpretations, including those of plate tectonics, are incorrect.In Part 2 of this paper, the Authors now point out that the recently‐proposed surge‐tectonics hypothesis explains all field data. If the surge‐tectonics hypothesis is correct, most of the Tibetan Plateau, including its Cambrian‐through‐Tertiary section, is prospective. They conclude, therefore, that Tibet could eventually become a major petroleum‐producing province

ISSN:0141-6421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-5457.1990.tb00848.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bentonite chronostratigraphy indicates that deposition of the Viking Formation in central and south‐central Alberta and SW Saskatchewan occurred within three chrono‐intervals, informally designated Basal, Lower and Upper. Sandstones of the Basal and Lower Viking times were deposited offshore, while most Upper Viking sands formed along the strandline. In general, these Viking sands trend NW‐SE, are multiple, parallel, discrete units surrounded by wales, and are of varying thicknesses.The shoreline sands, which evolved slightly earlier than Basal Viking time, prograded NE towards the offshore for a maximum distance of about 250 kms, in places overlying the offshore sands. The offshore Basal Viking sands, characteristically thin, were deposited around Hamilton Lake, Provost, and up to Viking Kinsella in Alberta, as well as the Dodsland — Hoosier‐Smiley areas of SW Saskatchewan. The development of the Lower Viking sandbodies occurred slightly later, around the Sullivain, Ewing Lake, Joffre and Joarcam areas, SW and west of the basal sands. These offshore sand units migrated imbricatedly shorewards (SW), in opposition to the sense of progradation of the shoreline units. This SW‐direction of offshore sandridge migration is consistent with their NE flanks being relatively thinner, coarser and cleaner, suggesting NE‐SW flow currents along the NE flanks of ridges, and explains why most hydrocarbon reserves occur on the NE flanks of some of the ridges.The opposed sense of Viking sandstone migration resulted in the development of a thick mudstone interval between the strandline and offshore sandbodies, resulting in the development of a topographic sediment gradient that slopes NE. This pattern of Viking deposition explains the regional NE‐thinning pattern of the Viking Formation in Alberta, rather than it being due solely to a regressive shoreline, as previously thought.In general, Viking sandstone deposition appears to have ceased earlier in the NW than SE, suggesting that the SW source area (in the Nelson Batholith region) persisted longer than the western source area (coast Range area, west of Jasper). Missing, thin stratigraphic sections at the top of the Joli Fou, common in places in the area of the Basal sand deposition, suggest that much of the basal sediments are products of sea‐floor scouring by genetically‐related currents, rather than resulting from an unconformity, as thought by s

ISSN:0141-6421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-5457.1990.tb00849.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Nile Delta area covers nearly 60,000 sq. kms in the northern part of Egypt. The Nile Delta basin contains a thick sequence of Neogene‐Quaternary clastics that are considered to be prospective for oil and gas. The information available for investigating the basin sediments, and evaluating their hydrocarbon potential, has been gathered from some 24 wells. As most of these wells have not penetrated below the Miocene, deeper sediments could not be investigated. The studied section is uniform across the northern Delta, consisting of at least 15,000 ft. of shales and sandstones: it becomes thinner southwards. The section is composed of three sedimentay cycles, including eight formations. Thick, organic‐rich sediments were deposited under favourable conditions for oil and gas genesis in several parts of the studied basin. The northern part of the onshore area, and the eastern and western parts of the offshore area, are favourable sites for hydrocarbon generation and accumulation for the following important reasons:(1)mature source rocks,(2)structural relief capable of trapping hydrocarbons in the eastern and western parts of the offshore area (Abu Qir and El‐Temsah localities),(3)stratigraphic traps in the northern part of the onshore area, and (4)the depositional features of the Abu Madi Form

ISSN:0141-6421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-5457.1990.tb00850.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The temporal and spatical coincidence of saline deposits with rifting and alkaline magmatism is now widely accepted. The congruency of these three phenomena implies, logically, their trilateral genetic inter‐relationship. Conventional models for the formation of saline deposits, i.e. the “evaporation process”, cannot be properly applied to giant saline deposits, such as those of the Mediterranean and Red Sea basinsThe alternative “Volcanogenic Model” proposed here offers a genetic explanation for these problems. This Model is compared with both the conventional evaporation model and the deep‐basin evaporation model of fSchmalz. Well‐known saline‐surface basins (e.g. the Red Sea, East African rift system, Dead Sea, Mediterranean, Circum‐Atlantic, Zechstein, and Asian InfraCambrian — Lower Cambrian), and “Kuroko” and “Black Smoker” depostis, are briefly reviewed. The role of alkaline and calc‐alkaline magmatism in producing saline‐surface deposts and the application of the Volcanogenic Model in each case is discussed, and conclusions concerning the suitabi

ISSN:0141-6421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-5457.1990.tb00851.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0141-6421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-5457.1990.tb00852.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:“Oil and gas traps”: by M. K. Jen

ISSN:0141-6421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-5457.1990.tb00853.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY