摘要:

AbstractOver two consecutive seasons, six deficit irrigation regimes were imposed on Colombard vines on Ramsey rootstock. The soil water availability was quantified by logarithmic transformation of the absolute value of a root‐weighted measure of soil matric potential. Stem water potential declined linearly with decreasing soil water availability. Water stress indices were calculated by integrating the daily values of soil water availability over specific periods. Declines in both fruit and vegetative growth were linearly correlated with increases in the values of water stress indices during the respective growth periods. In the berries, concentrations of total soluble solids, tartrate and potassium were not correlated with the water stress index during the period of fruit growth; malate concentration declined linearly with increasing values of this index. Responses of pH and titratable acidity to variation in the water stress index were not consistent in the two season

ISSN:1322-7130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-0238.1995.tb00079.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRose coloration of skin was observed to sometimes develop late during ripening on the normally white grape berries of cv. Muscat Gordo Blanco. The nature of the pigment was investigated by HPLC analysis of skin extracts of single berries. The predominant anthocyanin was identified as cyanidin‐3‐glucoside with minor amounts of delphinidin‐ and peonidin‐3‐glucosides. This composition resembles the skin composition of coloured, small‐seeded muscat cultivars which it also resembles by the monoterpene composition of the juice. The pigments occurred only in berries with levels of total soluble solids in excess of 24°Brix in the juice and such berries tended to have smaller fresh weight. Berry pigmentation occurred on vines with various root systems. The specific conditions under which pigment developed in Muscat Gordo berries may offer a useful tool in the study of anthocyanin

ISSN:1322-7130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-0238.1995.tb00080.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the 1994/95 season, unusual, widespread and generalised foliar symptoms, similar to those of Australian grapevine yellows (AGY), occurred in late summer‐autumn in many regions of Australia. They were confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay as being associated with the presence of the phytoplasma of AGY. In contrast, the early‐season (i.e. late spring‐early summer) symptoms of AGY were less common and generally confined to isolated shoots. Positive PCR assays for phytoplasma (65 out of a total of 90) were obtained only from vines showing AGY‐like symptoms while none of the 88 PCR assays for symptomless vines were positive. The disorder of restricted spring growth syndrome, widespread and damaging in spring 1994, occurred in some vines which also later showed AGY‐like symptoms in t

ISSN:1322-7130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-0238.1995.tb00081.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe removal of soluble organic carbon from synthetic winery wastewater containing uniformly14Clabelled lactic acid and glycerol applied repeatedly to soils sampled at various depths from a brown earth and solod was determined from decreases in the solution concentration of14C of soil extracts. A previously developed logistic model was used to quantify the adsorption and microbial metabolism of the14C‐compounds in the various soil layers. Adsorption of14C‐compounds to soil particles resulted in the removal of 10 to 50% of the added14C within the first hour after wastewater application. It was greater in soils containing a higher percentage of clay and/or organic carbon. Repeating wastewater applications up to 17 times reduced initial adsorption by most of the soil layers of the brown earth, whereas little change occurred in the solod. Microbial uptake and metabolism were responsible for the removal of14C‐compounds remaining in solution to less than 5% of14C input. In contrast with their effect on adsorption, repeated applications of wastewater decreased or eliminated the lag period before the onset of rapid metabolism and also increased the rates of metabolism of14C‐compounds in all soils. This led to significant reductions in the removal times of the soluble‐14C. Acclimatisation of microbial populations in soils newly exposed to the wastewater was most rapid within the uppermost layers. Acclimatised soils were able to reduce the solution concentration of14C to less than 5% of input levels within 1 d after application when the lag period lasted less than 2 h, and when the daily removal of solution‐14C, due to microbial metabolism, exceeded the14C input. Regular applications of wastewater were required to maintain rapid removal of the soluble‐14C in acclimatised soils. Implications for managing the disposal of wastewaters rich in organic material on new and existing sites

ISSN:1322-7130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-0238.1995.tb00082.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe presence of procyanidins in wine protein fractions was established by a chemical assay and by pyrolysis DI‐EI MS/MS of proteins. The chemical assay, involving acid‐catalysed oxidative degradation of the procyanidins, gave cyanidin which was specifically quantified by HPLC. The assay was calibrated with purified grape seed tannin (GST); procyanidin was expressed in μg GST. Cyanidin yields were little altered by the presence of a large excess of protein. The limit of detection of the assay was 1 μg GST and the limit of quantification 3.5 μg GST. Both heat‐induced and natural hazes isolated from various white wines were all shown to contain procyanidins, with a content ranging from<0.02 to 4.9% (w/w). Although a crude soluble protein isolate from white wine contained a detectable amount of procyanidins, none were found in fractions separated chromatographically from this isolate. This observation, and the absence of procyanidins in resolubilised heat‐induced haze, demonstrated that procyanidins are only weakly associated with both heat‐induced hazes and soluble wine proteins. Nevertheless, procyanidins appear to be implicated in the formation of protein hazes in wine, because many soluble wine proteins that had been rendered free of procyanidins would precipitate to give haze in wine but not in model wine which was devoid of phenol

ISSN:1322-7130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-0238.1995.tb00083.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSoluble wine proteins were separated by anion exchange chromatography. When the fractionated proteins were treated in model wine solution with an active peptidase preparation over six weeks at 15°C, all but one of the separated proteins were totally resistant to proteolysis. Because all the separated proteins contained no associated phenolic compounds and because, from neutral sugar analysis, most contained less than one mole of carbohydrate per mole of protein, neither phenolic association nor glycosylation are responsible for their proteolytic resistance

ISSN:1322-7130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-0238.1995.tb00084.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe detailed crop specific descriptions of the phenological growth stages of grapevine are supplementary to the general BBCH‐scale. It will be instrumental in standardising the national and international experimentation in viticulture. The phenological development of the grapevine is divided into growth phases (principal growth stages 0–9) and each growth phase is subdivided into growth steps (secondary growth stages 0–9). A two‐digit code is attached to each growth stage. The description and coding of the phenological growth stages covers the period between dormancy and le

ISSN:1322-7130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-0238.1995.tb00085.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe foregoing paper by Lorenz et al. (1995), translated into English by P. May, describes a new system for the identification of grapevine growth stages called the BBCH system. This is an adaptation, for the grapevine, of a basic scale developed to cover all monocot and dicot crops. Appraisal of this and two other systems has led to a preference for that by Eichhorn and Lorenz (1977) but with some amendments. These amendments are discussed and a new system of measurement and description of stages of the grapevine is proposed which copes with the dual needs for a simple listing of major stages and, at the same time, provides intermediate detailed stages. It is called the Modified E‐L syste

ISSN:1322-7130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-0238.1995.tb00086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY