摘要:

The experimental layout of the BTeV experiment at Fermilab is described. This includes a brief overview of the various detector systems that make up the BTeV spectrometer. The primary goal of the experiment is to look for physics beyond the Standard Model(SM) by performing precise measurements of the Cabibbo‐Kobayashi‐Maskawa matrix parameters to look for deviations from the SM predictions. Plans for doing this are described in the article. © 2003 American Institute of Physics

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1604081

出版商:AIP    

年代:1903

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

This is a course to introduce the students to a basic optical link. An optical link has three main components, each with a specific function. The transmitter contains a light source, e.g., a light‐emitting diode (LED), an edge‐emitting laser diode (LD), or a vertical cavity surface‐emitting laser (VCSEL) that converts an electrical current into an optical signal. The receiver contains a photodiode or a PIN photodiode that converts the light back into an electrical signal, an amplifier that makes the signal easier to detect and a discriminator that is able to recognize if the bit received is a low or a high. The fiber‐optic cable carries the optical signal between them. © 2003 American Institute of Physics

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1604082

出版商:AIP    

年代:1903

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

We describe a simple experimental setup that can be used to measure the lifetimes of muons, pions and kaons from the secondary cosmic‐ray radiation. It uses a sealed container filled with 35 1 of liquid scintillator and simple data acquisition hardware. The detector uses a 2″ photomultiplier (PMT) that collects the scintillation light produced by charged particles crossing the detector volume. The electronics used consists of 4 NIM modules, a digital oscilloscope and a PC. This equipment is multipurpose and can be conventionally found in any modern physics laboratory. The results obtained by fitting data to the muon, pion and kaon lifetimes are the following: &tgr;&mgr;=2.208±0.027 &mgr;s, &tgr;&pgr;=24.6±3 ns and &tgr;K= 12.5±2 ns. The measured plus‐to‐minus charge ratio of cosmic ray muons for a latitude of 20° North is 1.28±0.06. These values are in good agreement with the literature. © 2003 American Institute of Physics

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1604083

出版商:AIP    

年代:1903

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

This paper describes a laboratory course held at ICFA 2002 Regional Instrumentation School in Morelia, Mexico. This course intends to introduce drift chambers, which play an important role in particle physics experiments as tracking detectors. The experimental setup consists of a single‐sided, single‐cell drift chamber, a plastic scintillator detector and a collimated90Sr source. The measurements on the drift velocity of electrons, its change as a function of a drift field, gas gain and diffusion are performed at this laboratory course. © 2003 American Institute of Physics

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1604084

出版商:AIP    

年代:1903

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The laboratory course consisted of four different mini sessions, in order to give the student some hands‐on experience on various aspects of silicon sensors and related integrated electronics. The four experiments were: 1. Characterisation of silicon diodes for particle detection 2. Study of noise performance of the Viking readout circuit 3. Study of the position resolution of a silicon microstrip sensor 4. Study of charge transport in silicon with a fast amplifier The data in the following were obtained during the ICFA school by the students. © 2003 American Institute of Physics

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1604085

出版商:AIP    

年代:1903

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

In this experiment a basic technique to test response of a silicon microstrip detector to minimum ionizing particles from90Srbeta source is presented. The silicon detector used in this test is made of double sided microstrip sensors coupled to a front‐end electronics, both used in the AMS01 experiment [Alcaraz et al.,]. Using betas from90Srsource, placed on top of the active area of the silicon, and a plastic scintillator coupled to a photomultiplier, it is possible to trigger the readout system of the silicon detector. The setup of the silicon detector system is described and the performance results are analyzed. © 2003 American Institute of Physics

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1604086

出版商:AIP    

年代:1903

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The “Air Fluorescence” technique uses the atmosphere as a calorimeter to detect charged particles showers. A brief description of detectors based on this technique and how they are used to detect cosmic rays will be given in this laboratory session. An array of photomultiplier tubes will be calibrated and a method will be developed to measure the photon flux in individual PMTs by counting photoelectrons read out by a charge digitizing system. As an example of the application of this technique, we reconstruct the longitudinal profile of a real particle showers detected by a fluorescence telescope. © 2003 American Institute of Physics

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1604087

出版商:AIP    

年代:1903

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The purpose of this laboratory session is to provide the basic ingredients for understanding the construction and operation of Multiwire Proportional Chambers (MWPC). During this session the students constructed and tested a simple position sensitive MWPC. Only measurements requiring rather simple hardware (amplifiers, digital oscilloscope) were made and some of them are presented. © 2003 American Institute of Physics

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1604088

出版商:AIP    

年代:1903

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

In this laboratory session, tree experiments are proposed: the measurement of X‐ray energy spectra from radioactive sources with a high resolution cooled Si‐Li detector, with a room temperature PIN diode and the measurement of the response of a PIN diode to the intensity of X‐rays of radio‐diagnostic units. The spectra obtained with the Si‐Li detector help to understand the energy distribution of X‐rays and are used as a reference to compare the results obtained with the PIN diode. Measurements in medical X‐ray machines are proposed. Low cost, simple electronic instruments and systems are used as tools to make measurements in X‐ray units used in radio‐diagnostic. © 2003 American Institute of Physics

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1604089

出版商:AIP    

年代:1903

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

In spite of two hundred years of clinical practice, Homeopathy still lacks of scientific basis. Its fundamental laws, similia principle and the activity of the denominated ultra‐high dilutions are controversial issues that do not fit into the mainstream medicine or current physical‐chemistry field as well. Aside its clinical efficacy, the identification of physical ‐ chemistry parameters, as markers of the homeopathic effect, would allow to construct mathematic models [1], which in turn, could provide clues regarding the involved mechanism. © 2003 American Institute of Physics

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1604090

出版商:AIP    

年代:1903

数据来源: AIP