摘要:

We present in this work the results of neutron measurements performed on electrolytic cells containing deuterated Pd cathodes, using a high efficiency thermal neutron detection system in combination with a procedure involving a non‐stationary current through the cell’s circuit.Experiments carried‐out at our laboratory over a long period revealed a low level neutron production correlated with the current pulses, giving rise to characteristic patterns which were strongly dependent on the previous charging history of the cathodes employed.Another set of measurements was performed with essentially the same experimental set‐up, but on board a submarine 50 m under the sea surface. A very low background level was attained under these conditions, thus yielding a much improved signal‐to‐noise ratio as compared to our ground laboratory situation. The counting rates observed in the underwater measurements on cells containing deuterated Pd cathodes are well separated from those obtained in test (H2O) runs.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.40690

出版商:AIP    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Morrison’ at CERN notes regional variation in fusion cell results and various workers have ascribed this to possible sociological factors. In view of the observation by other workers of gamma and neutrons from electric storms, the present paper seeks physical causes of such variation in terms of meteorological conditions.Previous work on Abrikosov vortices (rotating strings of electron Cooper pairs responsible for Type‐II superconductivity) and their possible availability in near or actual electric storm conditions is reviewed. This work suggests fusion may be found in certain standard open cells, but not where lack of meteorological availability or the use of closed cells prevents the Abrikosov vortices being available inside the apparatus.No general method of direct testing for Abrikosov vortices is known, so no opinion for or against these ideas is offered. Tests made at the Chinese Academy of Sciences for the presence of meteorological triggers (of any type) for fusion events are described. Both continuous and short‐burst fusion are reported to occur if, and only if, the meteorological trigger‐conditions are present.This is taken as being possibly the first observation of meteorological triggers for cold fusion and the first reported observation of continuous fusion from this source. Various possible causal mechanisms behind the detailed results are discussed. A future experimental program to confirm and further define these effects is outlined.No claim can yet be made for definite confirmation of the Abrikosov vortex hypothesis, or any other cold fusion trigger or reaction details.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.40691

出版商:AIP    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

A series of experiments on both D2O electrolysis and thermal cycle of deuterium absorbed Ti Turnings has been designed to examine the anomalous phenomena in Deuterium/Solid System. A neutron detector containing 16 BF3tubes with a detection limit of 0.38 n/s for two hour counting was used for electrolysis experiments. No neutron counting rate statistically higher than detection limit was observed from Fleischmann & Pons type experiments. An HLNCC neutron detector equipped with 183He tubes and a JSR‐11 shift register unit with a detection limit of 0.20 n/s for a two hour run was employed to study the neutron signals in D2gas experiments. Different material pretreatments were selected to review the changes in frequency and size of the neutron burst production. Experiment sequence was deliberately designed to distinguish the neutron burst from fake signals, e.g. electronic noise pickup, the cosmic rays and other sources of environmental background. Ten batches of dry fusion samples were tested, among them, seven batches with neutron burst signals occurred roughly at the temperature from −100 degree centigrade to near room temperature. In the first four runs of a typical sample batch, seven neutron bursts were observed with neutron numbers from 15 to 482, which are 3 and 75 times, respectively, higher than the uncertainty of background. However, no bursts happened for H2dummy samples running in‐between and afterwards and for sample batch after certain runs.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.40693

出版商:AIP    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The triggering of neutron emission in electrolysis experiments has not been achieved. (AIP)

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.40694

出版商:AIP    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

High concentrations of deuterium in palladium can be locally achieved due to the stress‐induced diffusion of deuterium against its concentration gradient. These high deuterium to palladium ratios, beyond the value attained at the boundaries, can locally increase the rate of nuclear fusion. Recent reports indicate that neutron bursts have been observed in systems where the deuterated palladium was subjected to stress gradients.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.40695

出版商:AIP    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

A series of experiments has been conducted to explore the effects of electrolyzing heavy water (D2O) using palladium and platinum electrodes. Over 40 weeks of experimental runs have been conducted in four cells which electrolyze heavy water using palladium and platinum electrodes. Tritium production, neutron and gamma radiation, and cell temperatures were monitored simultaneously and continuously throughout the runs. These experiments have resulted in seven elevated temperature events similar to those claimed by Pons and Fleischmann, with no correlating detection of nuclear products. The seven events which have occurred to date all take the same general form in which the apparent heat output of a cell, as seen in terms of the change in cell fluid temperature, increases in a distinct and significant step. A single light water cells, identical in all respects to those using heavy water, has been operated for over 15 weeks and has produced no temperature excursions, and also no nuclear products.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.40696

出版商:AIP    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

We performed neutron, &ggr; and Mo¨ssbauer spectroscopic experiments in order to study the possibility of cold nuclear fusion in Fe90Zr10and Fe89Zr11amorphous ribbons having high hydrogen absorbing ability. No significant changes in the neutron and &ggr; spectra were found at deuterization performed at different cathodic potentials. The observed differences in the Mo¨ssbauer spectra of samples deuterized in air and in nitrogen atmosphere can be explained by decrease of deuterium uptake as well as by a small heat effect due to reaction of hydrogen with oxygen dissolved in water in the case of electrolysis carried out in air.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.40698

出版商:AIP    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

In examination of the possibility of observing D‐D fusion reactions at or near room temperature, our group at Manitoba has searched for an enhancement in the neutron production rate resulting from stopping deuterons interacting with implanted deuterons in a metal matrix. This non‐equilibrium process was selected as an alternative to electrolysis as a means of injecting the material. The deuterons were implanted into the metal matrix by a small high current accelerator which accelerated a mixed beam of D+of energy 60 keV and molecular D2+which upon dissociation at the surface of the metal yields two 30 keV D+ions. The precise composition of the beam was unknown. The presence of neutrons was registered continuously during the experimental runs. Scintillation light was detected as the neutrons transferred a portion of their energy to protons in a large plastic scintillator detector. Anomalous occurrences were observed during the operation of the experiment, in the form of sudden increases in the observed neutron detection rates. We undertook to repeat the experiment under more controlled conditions, with the intent of resolving to our satisfaction whether anomalous neutron production was actually occurring. In addition, an attempt to measure X‐ray production within the target metal was made. The build up to deuterons in the metal matrix was such that where the density of deuterons in a commercially available TiD target would be expected to be on the order of 4×1028m−3, our implantation scheme resulted in deuteron densities up to 2×1031m−3in the matrix. We argue that the loss of deuterons from the matrix will be small compared to build up rates. The results of our 1989 experiment are being compared with theory and the results of a more recent one (July 1990), currently under analysis. Funding has recently been obtained from our local electric utility, Manitoba Hydro, for the production of analyzed beams of D0, D+and D2+for future implantation experiments. Work in this area is now under way.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.40699

出版商:AIP    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

During the past year, we have measured neutron emission from samples of titanium (Ti) metal and sponge in pressurized D2gas. In January 1990, we improved our sample preparation procedure and our detector sensitivity level so that the neutron‐emission measurements are now reproducible, but not yet predictable. We have measured excess neutron emission from the majority of our most recent samples using our high‐sensitivity neutron detectors. The improved sensitivity in our new detector system was obtained by using low‐radioactive‐background stainless steel tubes, a small detector volume with high efficiency, and additional cosmic‐ray shielding. Our most sensitive detector consists of two independent segments making up inner and outer rings of3He tubes. The combined total efficiency is 44%. In addition to inner and outer ring segments, we have three separate detector systems operating in parallel control experiments to monitor environmental change. We have measured neutron bursts from a variety of samples containing Ti metal and D2gas. The low‐multiplicity bursts, emitting from 2 to 10 n, occur much more frequently than the higher multiplicity bursts. By measuring high‐mass samples (300 g Ti) over several weeks, with many liquid nitrogen temperature cycles, we have detected neutron emission above the background from most of the samples with a significance level of 3 to 9 &sgr;.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.40700

出版商:AIP    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Yagiet al. recently have claimed that neutrons from the D+D reaction are emitted in Ti and in SiO2systems in which D2is trapped at ∼1 atm at liquid nitrogen temperature. A statistical analysis of the data shows that the background counts observed over 58 time intervals do not follow the expected Poisson distribution. This would invalidate the interpretation of the results.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.40701

出版商:AIP    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP