摘要:

A recent proposal for generating High Frequency Gravitational Waves (HFGW) is based on the conversion of electromagnetic waves into gravitational waves by irradiating a dielectric film in the extreme conditions of a high vacuum and a strong magnetic field. These HFGWs can be tested using an electron paramagnetic resonant spectrometer (EPRS). This device contains all the necessary ingredients: a vacuum chamber, microwave generator, a strong magnetic field, and a resonant cavity where the substance to be analysed is introduced. The EPR spectrum of a very small paramagnetic core in a substance is the graph of the absorption of the paramagnetic core as a function of the strong magnetic field B. We shall place our generator inside the resonant cavity. The subsequent HFGW flux is proportional to the square of the strong magnetic field, and as this energy is taken off from the electromagnetic waves, the generator will behave as an absorbing substance and, consequently, the (EPRS) would produce a spectrum of absorption depending upon the square of the magnetic induction vector B. Future efforts suggest that to reach the necessary sensitive level to detect the emission of gravitational radiation, we must improve the vacuum chamber of the spectrometer. This does not seem difficult nor expensive, and if the results are positive, it could be a great support to our proposal of a generator of HFGWs. A communication system, supported by the gravitational wave as a carrier, could be developed using the proposed generator as a source of gravitational waves. © 2004 American Institute of Physics

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1649681

出版商:AIP    

年代:1904

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The results of an experiment designed to produce small amounts of “propellantless” thrust using Mach effect mass fluctuations produced by an alternating electric field in high voltage capacitors in conjunction with an externally induced alternating magnetic flux in their dielectric cores are described. Small effects of the sort expected were detected. Several tests to exclude spurious signals were performed. © 2004 American Institute of Physics

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1649682

出版商:AIP    

年代:1904

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The work of J. F. Woodward (1990; 1996a; 1996b; 1998; 2002a; 2002b; 2004) on the existence of “mass fluctuations” and their use in exotic propulsion schemes was examined for possible application in improving space flight propulsion and power generation. Woodward examined Einstein’s General Relativity Theory (GRT) and assumed that if the strong Machian interpretation of GRT as well as gravitational / inertia like Wheeler‐Feynman radiation reaction forces hold, then when an elementary particle is accelerated through a potential gradient, its rest mass should fluctuate around its mean value during its acceleration. Woodward also used GRT to clarify the precise experimental conditions necessary for observing and exploiting these mass fluctuations or “Woodward effect” (W‐E). Later, in collaboration with his ex‐graduate student T. Mahood, they also pushed the experimental verification boundaries of these proposals. If these purported mass fluctuations occur as Woodward claims, and his assumption that gravity and inertia are both byproducts of the same GRT based phenomenon per Mach’s Principle is correct, then many innovative applications such as propellantless propulsion and gravitational exotic matter generators may be feasible. This paper examines the reality of mass fluctuations and the feasibility of using the W‐E to design propellantless propulsion devices in the near to mid‐term future. The latest experimental results, utilizing MHD‐like force rectification systems, will also be presented. © 2004 American Institute of Physics

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1649683

出版商:AIP    

年代:1904

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

An experimental program related to High‐Frequency Gravitational Wave (HFGW) optical applications is presented. The fact that gravitational waves are slowed in a superconductor and therefore refracted has been published in peer‐reviewed scientific literature and has remained unchallenged for over a decade. The development of HFGW generators and detectors is a primary objective of multiple research efforts and its ultimate development is considered uncontroversial. The only speculation is when such laboratory HFGW generators will be available and operational. Thus it is appropriate to prepare test objectives to assess the optical applications of HFGW; especially to consider HFGW relic cosmic background, acknowledged by astrophysicists, which can be imaged by a HFGW telescope and sensed by recently developed and fabricated HFGW detectors. This experimental program concentrates on precursor or preliminary proof‐of‐concept, component‐validation laboratory tests relating to the fabrication of a mosaic, high‐temperature superconductor (HTSC) lens for a 100‐meter diameter, f/0.5, precursor HFGW Telescope. This experimental device will involve lens grinding/polishing considerations, telescope fabrication, and insuring the overall structural integrity. A grasp or gain of 3×104for the lens is computed to obtain sufficient concentration of the anisotropic, relic HFGW cosmic background flux for detection. Three HFGW detectors are described that have been fabricated. HFGW lenses hold great promise and can initially be utilized to observe the currently available HFGW cosmic background and then be utilized in HFGW generator/detector optical test benches. Test objectives for this latter application are also presented. © 2004 American Institute of Physics

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1649684

出版商:AIP    

年代:1904

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Quantum Tic‐Tac‐Toe is presented as an abstract quantum system derived from the rules of Classical Tic‐Tac‐Toe. Abstract quantum systems can be constructed from classical systems by the addition of three types of rules; rules of Superposition, rules of Entanglement, and rules of Collapse. This is formally done for Quantum Tic‐Tac‐Toe. As a part of this construction it is shown that abstract quantum systems can be viewed as an ensemble of classical systems. That is, the state of a quantum game implies a set of simultaneous classical games. The number and evolution of the ensemble of classical games is driven by the superposition, entanglement, and collapse rules. Various aspects and play situations provide excellent metaphors for standard features of quantum mechanics. Several of the more significant metaphors are discussed, including a measurement mechanism, the correspondence principle, Everett’s Many Worlds Hypothesis, an ascertainity principle, and spooky action at a distance. Abstract quantum systems also show the consistency of backwards‐in‐time causality, and the influence on the present of both pasts and futures that never happened. The strongest logical argument against faster‐than‐light (FTL) phenomena is that since FTL implies backwards‐in‐time causality, temporal paradox is an unavoidable consequence of FTL; hence FTL is impossible. Since abstract quantum systems support backwards‐in‐time causality but avoid temporal paradox through pruning of the classical ensemble, it may be that quantum based FTL schemes are possible allowing backwards‐in‐time causality, but prohibiting temporal paradox. © 2004 American Institute of Physics

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1649685

出版商:AIP    

年代:1904

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Recent discoveries across many disciplines of physics have supported a driving need for a “new” science to explain the apparent relationship between phenomenon at cosmological scales and those at the quantum, subatomic level while still supporting the classical mechanics of motion, electromagnetism and relativity. A novel view of both the spacetime continuum and the universe is postulated that not only connects these fields of interest, but proposes a method to travel at superluminal speeds by examining the underlying equations of special relativity. The governing mathematics of special relativity describe a symmetrical continuum that supports not just one, but three, independent spacetimes each with a unique set of physical laws founded on the speed of light,c. These spacetimes are the subluminal (wherev/c< 1), the luminal (wherev/c= 1), and the superluminal (wherev/c> 1) comprising a ‘tri‐space’ universe. Relativistic symmetry illustrates that there can be up to three velocities (one for each spacetime) for a given absolute energy state. The similar characteristics of mass and energy in each spacetime may permit faster‐than‐light (FTL) travel through a quantum transformation/exchange of energy and mass (at the quark level or beyond) between the subluminal and superluminal realms. Based on the suggested characteristics of superluminal spacetime, the ‘trans‐space’ method of FTL travel would allow a particle to traverse sublight space by traveling through the superlight continuum without incurring the penalties of special relativity or causal relations. In addition, the spacetime construct and superluminal realm of the ‘tri‐space’ universe may offer a different perspective than the current ideologies that could better represent physical phenomena including universal expansion, the zero‐point field, dark matter, and the source of inertia. © 2004 American Institute of Physics

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1649686

出版商:AIP    

年代:1904

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

This paper describes one possibility for rapid round‐trip, paradox‐free Faster‐than‐Light (FTL) travel between Earth and distant stars within the human lifetimes of those on‐board the ships and Earth. It shows that such rapid transits would require dimensions beyond the 4 dimensions of flat or curved spacetime; with the added dimensions needed to give starships (their worldlines) room to “climb” and “descend” above the spacetime realms of Special Relativity (SR)—realms where nothing travels faster than the speed‐of‐light(c). The added dimensions would be associated with zero‐point field gradients formed within the quantum vacuum by actions of specially conditioned em radiation emitted from accelerating ships. These gradients would result in: STL (slower‐than‐light) vehicle velocity within the perturbed vacuum surrounding the ship; FTL vehicle velocity with respect to the unperturbed vacuum and Earth; and invisible FTL vehicle travel in all observer‐frames that move STL with respect to Earth. For one case of FTL travel, rapid transits to distant stars would result in starship disappearance from human sight after light speed is reached—followed soon thereafter by its reappearance trillions of miles away, in close proximity to its target star. And during the short interval of disappearance, the starship’s worldline wouldjumpover trillions of miles of distance—arching like a suddenly‐formed rainbow within a “spacetimetau” realm of existence that rises above curved or flat spacetime terrain. © 2004 American Institute of Physics

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1649687

出版商:AIP    

年代:1904

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

A propellantless propulsion experiment design and testing plan are described. The concept was initially presented during the Space Technology and Applications International Forum of 2001 and the experiment was initially presented during the Joint Propulsion Conference of 2001. New information is provided on how the experiment relates to the Human Exploration of Development of Space, the results of peer reviews, a cost estimate performed by a major U.S. aerospace company, and an alternative magnet design to reduce the cost of the experiment and potentially improve the reliability of the system. Recent improvements in high power solid state switches and superconducting magnets may have made propellantless propulsion possible. Propulsion may occur during the non‐steady state ramp‐up of a very rapidly pulsed, high power magnet. Propulsion would not occur after the first 100 nanoseconds of each pulse, since the magnetic field will have reached steady state. The United States Department of Energy Office of High Energy Physics provided some of the funding for the developed a no maintenance superconducting magnet that can carry 2,000 amperes per square millimeter and a switch which can provide 100 nanosecond ramp‐ups at a rate of 0.4 megahertz, and at 9,000 volts and 30 amperes. © 2004 American Institute of Physics

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1649688

出版商:AIP    

年代:1904

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

A protocol using cross‐entangled independent Einstein‐Podolsky‐Rosen (EPR) beams is developed as a means of sending information faster than light (FTL) by taking advantage of quantum nonlocality and indistinguishable particle statistics. Two observers bracket a central midpoint transmitter that contains dual EPR sources from which bits are encoded in packets of photon pairs. FTL communication occurs between the observers in a simplex mode. A reformulation of quantum mechanics is proposed that permits such communications, as well as wave function collapse, to be relativistically consistent, while also resolving the problem of causal ordering normally associated with spacelike connections. The issue of temporal paradox is handled separately at both the quantum and classical levels. Spacelike causal connections lead to closed loops in spacetime and causal self‐reference. It is shown that such self‐reference leads to nonlinearities in the evolution of the wave function that may be sufficient to lead to wave function collapse. © 2004 American Institute of Physics

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1649689

出版商:AIP    

年代:1904

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Recent Russian literature contains some interesting speculations of potentially wide applicability regarding the physical vacuum. These investigations examined and applied a theory to various anomalies to try and understand what these events may represent. Data were collected by Dmitriev to quantify these events and identify commonalties that indicate the anomalies might have a natural origin. Dyatlov created theories on the Polarized Inhomogeneous Physical Vacuum where he claimed that each anomaly possessed a distinct boundary separate from its surroundings. Within this inhomogeneous boundary, the theory suggests that the magnetic, electric, gravitic, and spin fields would be different from its surroundings. From these findings, he developed equations that resemble the London equations for a superconductor and are somewhat similar to those developed later by Puthoff. The importance of these events is that with additional understanding, they may offer a means for extracting energy from the physical vacuum. Moreover, one may speculate that these anomalies may represent a gravitational vortex or even a portal or a wormhole to look into potential travel within other dimensions. © 2004 American Institute of Physics

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1649690

出版商:AIP    

年代:1904

数据来源: AIP