摘要:

A preconceptual design has been developed for the3He Target/Blanket System for the Acclerator Production of Tritium (APT) Project. A major part of the design effort was to develop the safety approach and engineered safety systems. The APT safety approach has been provided if the target/blanket parameters deviate from the design operating range. The safety approach uses redundant and diverse systems to ensure high reliability for tripping the beam and removing the decay heat. This paper describes the general safety approach and its use of inherent saftey features and active‐ and passive‐engineered safety systems to meet or exceed the safety requirements. © American Institute of Physics 1995

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.47200

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Kinetic calculations were made to show that subcritical accelerator driven devices are robust and stable. The calculations show that large changes in reactivity that would lead to an uncontrollable excursion in a reactor would lead only to a new power level in a subcritical device. Calculations were also made to show the rate of power changes resulting from startup and shutdown, and that methods also exist for continously monitoring the reactivity of a subcritical system. ©American Institute of Physics 1995

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.47201

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

A preconceptual engineering design has been developed for the Spallation Induced Lithium Conversion (SILC) Target/Blanket System for the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) project. The concept uses an array of pressure tubes containing aluminum clad lead rods for the neutron spallation target, and lithium‐aluminium alloy plates clad in pure aluminium for the tritium production blanket. The engineering design is based on a physics model optimized for efficient tritium production and is an evolution of the tritium production techniques used successfully at the Savannah River Site for over thirty years.Major engineering considerations were: provisions for cooling the low melting temperature lead and aluminum; retention of tritium; containment of radionuclides; material compatibility; minimization of D2O inventory; and reduction of structural materials that produce no tritium and contribute to the postprocess wastestream. The design is based on a concept of modular inseparable assemblies that reduces the number of sealed connections to target cooling systems and simplifies the handling of target components. The design evolved from a preliminary cost‐to‐produce study that yielded significant reductions in mass, envelope, and total cost‐to‐produce when compared to other concepts. ©American Institute of Physics 1995

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.47202

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

A preconceptual engineering design has been developed for the3He Target/Blanket (T/B) System for the Accelerator Production of Tritium Project. This concept uses an array of pressure tubes containing tungsten rods for the neutron spallation source and3He gas contained in a metal tank and blanket tubes as the tritium production material. The engineering design is based on a physics model optimized for efficient tritium production. Principle engineering consideration were: provisions for cooling all materials including the3He gas; containment of the gas and radionuclides; remote handling; material compatibility; minimization of3He, D2O, and activated waste; modularity; and manufacturability. The design provides a basis for estimating the cost to implement the system.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.47203

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

A preconceptual design has been developed for the3He Target/Blanket System for the Accelerator Production of Tritium Project. The design use tungsten wire‐wrapped rods to produce neutrons when the rods are struck by a proton beam. The rods are contained in bundles inside hexagonal Inconel ducts and cooled by D2O. Rod bundles are grouped in patterns in the proton beam inside a chamber filled with3He that is transmuted to tritium by the neutrons coming from the tungsten rods.Additional3He is transmuted in a blanket region surrounding the helium chamber. This paper describes the initial thermal‐hydraulic design and testing that has been completed to confirm the designed calculations for pressure drop through the bundle and heat transfer in the bundle. Heat transfer tests were run to verify steady‐state operation. These tests were followed by increasing power until nucleate boiling occurs to determine operating margins. Changes that improve the initial design are described. ©American Institute of Physics 1995

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.47204

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

A number of nuclear physics issues concerning the Los Alamos molten‐salt, accelerator‐driven plutonium converter are discussed. General descriptions of several concepts using internal and external moderation are presented. Burnup and salt processing requirement calculations are presented for four concepts, indicating that both the high power density externally moderated concept and an internally moderated concept achieve total plutonium burnups approaching 90% at salt processing rates of less than 2 m3per year. Beginning‐of‐life reactivity temperature coefficients and system kinetic response are also discussed. Future research should investigate the effect of changing blanket composition on operational and safety characteristics. ©American Institute of Physcis 1995

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.47205

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Spallation target design and system integration is critical for the success of accelerator‐based transmutation systems. Issues which must be considered in the design of spallation targets are identified, and represenative parametric studies on the system integration of a sample target are given. The results illustrate the importance of a systems‐driven target design approach due to the large effects that the target design can have on both the economics and physics performance of the system. ©American Institute of Physics 1995

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.47206

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The advent of neutralized Self‐Colliders(SC) has opened the way for collision rates or ‘‘luminosity’’ L, (reaction rate for &sgr;=1), orders of magnitude greater than obtained in colliding beams or beam‐on‐target experiments, L≥1×1041cm−2s−1, This facilitates direct production of tritium in self‐colliding beams in the reactiond+d→T+p+4 MeV. The tritons are extracted as a beam, decelerated, neutralized, and stored as gas. Calculations, supported by experiments and a 3‐dimensional Fokker Planck simulation on CRAY‐2 of a strong focusing self‐collider filled with 0.75 MeV deuterons of density 3.2×1014cm−3, indicated that one cell would produce 10 grams of tritium per year in a 10 liter volume at an electricity cost of 42 MWh per gram ($2,100 per gram).Laboratory benchmark test results with tritium production in SC are presented. Conceptual design of modular production plant units consisting of 10 cells and producing &bartil;100 g/year will be described. This technique does not require tritium. Tritons are extracted with purity at the 1 ppm level, there is no lithium blanket and not tritium processing requirement for chemical extraction, purification or separation. ©American Institute of Physics 1995

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.47243

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Proton accelerators for driving transmutation applications have beam power requirements in the range 40 MW to 400 MW, which corresponds to energy and current performance requirements in the range 800 MeV to 1600 MeV, and 50 mA to 250 mA. Linear accelerator designs aimed at providing these performance levels have been studied at Los Alamos for the past few years. Appropiate accelerator architectures have been developed, using the existing technology base for water‐cooled‐copper linacs, and key technical issues have been identified and addressed. ©American Institute of Physics 1995

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.47208

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

During the past 14 months, an experimental team within the accelerator operations and technology division at Los Alamos National Laboratory has completed the design, construction and partial testing of a new, very promising cw (or DC) proton injector that should meet the needs of the Accelerator‐Driven Transmutation Technologies (ADTT) programs. This ion injector incorporates much of the best available technology to provide an impressive compact and high‐performance system. ©American Institute of Physics 1995

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.47209

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP