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31. |
Societal response to chronic environmental change: The role of evolving scientific and technical information in state coastal erosion management |
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AIP Conference Proceedings,
Volume 277,
Issue 1,
1992,
Page 295-304
Mark Meo,
Thomas E. James,
Robert E. Deyle,
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摘要:
Natural hazards, such as acute storm events, often exacerbate chronic change processes and heighten public awareness of overt and latent risks to society. This paper reports the results of a study of the development of coastal erosion management policies from 1960 to 1990 in Florida, Massachusetts, and North Carolina, all of which have been subject to marked chronic and acute environmental changes. The case studies were guided by a conceptual framework that links acute and chronic environmental changes with state and federal policity initiatives as well as the scientific community. We traced the evolution of policies and programs and the policy innovation process in these states that were designed to mitigate the risks associated with coastal erosion, and documented the role that scientific and technical information played. From information drawn from published and unpublished literature as well as personal interviews, the case studies reveal a wide variation in policy responses to coastal erosion phenomena and exhibit differing degrees of program success. Although the case studies preclude broad generalizations, they illustrate clearly the importance of institution to enable policy enterpreneurs and other key individuals a base for acquiring and using scientific and technical information for policy development and implementation.
ISSN:0094-243X
DOI:10.1063/1.43914
出版商:AIP
年代:1992
数据来源: AIP
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32. |
A consortium approach for disaster relief and technology research and development: Fire station earth |
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AIP Conference Proceedings,
Volume 277,
Issue 1,
1992,
Page 305-316
Douglas C. Ling,
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摘要:
A new paradigm is proposed for alleviating the chronic problem of inadequate response to natural and man‐made disasters. Fundamental flaws and weaknesses in the current disaster mitigation system point to the need for an international consortium involving governments, academia, industry, and businesses. Recent changes in social and political framework offer a unique opportunity of rethink and reform the existing disaster response mechanism. Benefits of a collaborative consortium approach may include commercial incentives, improved cost effectiveness, coherence in research and development efforts, conduciveness for long‐term planning, and improved deployment of technology for disaster mitigation.
ISSN:0094-243X
DOI:10.1063/1.43915
出版商:AIP
年代:1992
数据来源: AIP
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33. |
Engineering response to the dual risk of natural hazards and global change |
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AIP Conference Proceedings,
Volume 277,
Issue 1,
1992,
Page 317-319
Joseph Bordogna,
J. Eleonora Sabadell,
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摘要:
The research programs on natural hazards mitigation and in global change supported by the National Science Foundation are briefly described. The potential relationships between the two types of phenomena, natural and man made, are discussed together with a summary of possible future directions in engineering research.
ISSN:0094-243X
DOI:10.1063/1.43916
出版商:AIP
年代:1992
数据来源: AIP
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34. |
Italian National response to the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction |
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AIP Conference Proceedings,
Volume 277,
Issue 1,
1992,
Page 320-327
Lucio Ubertini,
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摘要:
The Italian National Group for the Prevention of Hydrogeological Disasters has been created under both multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary frameworks, necessary for advancing research activities in the sphere of hydrogeological hazards. The Group collaborates with relevant institutions abroad not only in its research activities but also in organizing seminars and summer schools. In this paper, the activities of the Group carried out in preparation towards the United Nations declaration of the IDNDR and subsequent ones under the Decade are presented. The paper concludes with proposals for integrated data collection activities on hydrogeological hazards and a drought monitoring observatory within the context of an impending climate change.
ISSN:0094-243X
DOI:10.1063/1.43917
出版商:AIP
年代:1992
数据来源: AIP
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35. |
United States response to the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction |
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AIP Conference Proceedings,
Volume 277,
Issue 1,
1992,
Page 328-333
J. Eleonora Sabadell,
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摘要:
The activities developed by the Federal Government of the United States in response to the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction, which began in 1990, are described in this paper. The main goal of both endeavors, the international and the domestic, to maximize the opportunities for reducing the losses created by natural hazards is discussed. The objectives of the program developed by the Federal Subcommittee for Natural Disaster Reduction, its framework and priorities will be presented as well as some examples of specific activities.
ISSN:0094-243X
DOI:10.1063/1.43918
出版商:AIP
年代:1992
数据来源: AIP
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36. |
Natural hazards and the U.S. Global Change Research Program |
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AIP Conference Proceedings,
Volume 277,
Issue 1,
1992,
Page 337-342
Dallas L. Peck,
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摘要:
The goal of the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) is to gain an understanding of complex Earth Systems so that change can be predicted and a scientific basis for formulating national and international policy can be established. The USGCRP has three objectives: documenting the Earth’s system through careful coordinated observations; improving scientific understanding of the processes; and developing models that will allow accurate global and regional predictions. Improvements in computer technology, including the use of coupled models, are making it possible to document how the different components of the Earth system work together. With increased understanding of these interactions, capabilities for predicting global change and associated natural hazards will be greatly increased.
ISSN:0094-243X
DOI:10.1063/1.43919
出版商:AIP
年代:1992
数据来源: AIP
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37. |
Venezuelan policies and responses on climate change and natural hazards |
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AIP Conference Proceedings,
Volume 277,
Issue 1,
1992,
Page 343-346
Claudio Caponi,
Anibal Rosales,
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摘要:
Venezuela is an intertropical country which has the fortune not to suffer the severities of natural hazards which are usual in other countries of this region. It is a developing country, whose economy is heavily dependent on oil production and exports. Its greenhouse gas emissions are relatively low, but it is expected that the planned industrialization development will bring an associated increase in emissions.As a nation, Venezuela has a highly developed environmental consciousness. The Ministry of environment, the first in Latin America, was created in 1977, and has been the main contributor to the national policy of Disaster Prevention and Reduction. As in many developing countries actions and responses in this regard have been rather limited in scope, and even though legislation has been developed, many problems arise for its enforcement. Several local warning systems, civil defense procedures, and infrastructural protection measures are operational, however they have not been designed, revised, or planned taking into consideration the potential impacts of climate change.Presently Venezuela is an active participant state in the negotiation for a framework convention on climate change. That is a very difficult negotiation for our country. Here we have to conciliate enviromental principles with national economic interests. The elements of our position in this contex are presented in this statement.
ISSN:0094-243X
DOI:10.1063/1.43920
出版商:AIP
年代:1992
数据来源: AIP
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38. |
Concluding remarks |
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AIP Conference Proceedings,
Volume 277,
Issue 1,
1992,
Page 347-349
Peter S. Thacher,
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ISSN:0094-243X
DOI:10.1063/1.43885
出版商:AIP
年代:1992
数据来源: AIP
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