摘要:

To search the evidence predicted by the fracto‐fusion model, we tried to observe the charged particles and micro‐discharges accompanying the electrolysis of D2O. To detect the micro‐discharges, a current pick‐up was set at the anode input, and the high‐frequency component in the anode current was monitored. A detector for charged particles was attached close to a thin palladium‐foil cathode. The counting rate of the pulse‐like responses induced on the anode current was found to be a few counts per hour at the beginning of electrolysis, and then decreased slowly. The counting rate indicated a correlation with the temperature of the electrolyte, but no obvious correlation with charged particle emission was observed.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.40666

出版商:AIP    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The formation of tritium in palladium cathodes during the electrolysis of heavy water solutions is investigated. (AIP)

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.40667

出版商:AIP    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Evidence has been found for tritium and neutron production in palladium and silicon stacks when pulsed with a high electric current. These palladium‐silicon stacks consist of alternating layers of pressed palladium and silicon powder. A pulsed high electric current is thought to promote non‐equilibrium conditions important for tritium and neutron production. More than 2000 hours of neutron counting time has been accumulated in a underground, low background, environment with high efficiency counters (21%). Neutron emission has occurred as infrequent bursts or as low level emission lasting for up to 20 hours. In eight of 30 cells, excess tritium greater than 3 sigma has been observed. In each of these measurements, with the powder system, the ratio of tritium detected to total integrated total neutrons inferred has been anomalously high. Recent cells have shown reproducible tritium generation at a level of about 0.5 nCi/hr. Several hydrogen and air control cells have been run with no anomalous excess tritium or neutron emission above background. A singificant amount of the total palladium inventory (18%) has been checked for tritium contamination by three independent means.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.40668

出版商:AIP    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

A Fleischmann & Pons‐type experiment was performed making use of ten electrolytic cells electrically connected in series with constant current crossing them. The experiment lasted about three months during which the maximum current value reached was 2.5 A corresponding on the avearage to 500 mA/cm2. Neutrons, tritium in the solution and in the recombined gases, &ggr; ‐ray and temperature of the electrodes were measured. For about ten days, when the current density was set over 320 mA/cm2a remarkable increase of the neutron detector counting‐rate with respect to the background level (2 counts/h) was observed. The pattern of the emission was burst‐type. In the first part of that period, we found in three cells out of nine (one of the ten cells was in light water) a significant excess of tritium with respect to the expected value calculated for the electrolytic enrichment. The other cells, included that in light water, did not show any excess of tritium the value of which was in very good agreement with the calculated value.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.40669

出版商:AIP    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

When the electrolysis of 0.5 M D2SO4‐D2O solution was carried out using Pd or palladized Pd as a cathode material and Pt as an anode material, the emission of neutrons was detected by means of the fission track method and the production of tritium was investigated with a liquid scintillation method and a TPD using a mass spectrometer. The emission rate of neutrons was in the same orders of magnitude as the neutron flux in the background (10−3s−1). Otherwise, the existence of tritium in the cathode material after the electrolysis was identified by the measurement of the &bgr;‐ray emission when the specimens were immersed in the liquid scintillator. Moreover, mass peaks of m/z=5 and 6 which were considered due to DT as well as T2were identified in TPD, through the resolution of the mass spectrometer was not so high. The tritium production rate estimated by the &bgr;‐ray emission measurement was size orders of magnitude larger than the neutron emission rate. The difference betweeen them are briefly discussed.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.40670

出版商:AIP    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

‘‘Cold Fusion’’ experiment have been performed elsewhere using a dense plasma focus machine. It is the purpose of an oncoming study at the UI to reproduce and extend these experiments using a similar device at the University of Illinois. The Illinois facility is described as well as the technique that will be used. Extensions are suggested.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.40671

出版商:AIP    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The observation of significant neutron yield from gas loaded titanium samples at Frascati in April 1989 opened up an alternate pathway to the investigation of anomalous nuclear phenomena in deuterium/solid systems, complimenting the electrolytic approach. Since then at least six different groups have successfully measured burst neutron emission from deuterated titanium shavings following the Frascati methodology, the special feature of which was the use of liquid nitrogen to create repeated thermal cycles resulting in the production of non‐equilibrium conditions in the deuterated samples. At Trombay several variations of the gas loading procedure have been investigated including induction heating of single machined titanium targets in a glass chamber as well as use of a plasma focus device for deuteriding its central titanium electrode. Stemming from earlier observations both at BARC and elsewhere that tritium yield is &bartil;108times higher than neutron output in cold fusion experiments, we have channelised our efforts to the search for tritium rather than neutrons. The presence of tritium in a variety gas/plasma loaded titanium samples has been established successfully through a direct measurement of the radiations emitted as a result of tritium decay, in contradistinction to other groups who have looked for tritium in the extracted gases. In some samples we have thus observed tritium levels of over 10 MBq with a corresponding (t/d) ratio of ≳10−5.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.40672

出版商:AIP    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

When Pd gains or loses hydrogen or deuterium, the lattice expands or contracts causing a change in physical dimension. Under certain conditions, there is an additional expansion that is largely irreversible. Repeated gain and loss of hydrogen caused this excess volume to steadily increase. After all dissolved hydrogen has been removed, the diameter of a rod is found to have increased and the length to have decreased. These changes suggest the creation of micropores and/or dislocations within the metal. Such changes in the ennvironment with Pd metal can alter the local D/Pd ratio, affect the diffusion of impurities and, perhaps, affect the Fleischmann‐Pons Effect.Palladium cathodes that have been purposely contaminated with tritium show a rapid removal of the tritium with over 95% going into the evolved gas. This loss of tritium is first‐order with a half‐life that depends at least on cell current, amount of excess volume and electrode shape. The pattern of tritium release is consistent with the presence of micropores and is significantly different from that observed in active cold fusion cells. When used as an anode, over 99% of this dissolved tritium appears in the electrolyte thereby providing a method for its quantitative determination.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.40673

出版商:AIP    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The technique of Szpak for obtaining x‐ray radiographs from working electrolytic cells has been followed, in order to confirm his results. Each experiment was run with two cells, one with light water and one with heavy water, to verify that the nuclear difference was crucial to any observed effects. His technique, if confirmed offers the possibility of obtaining the energy of emitted x‐rays.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.40674

出版商:AIP    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

An analysis is conducted on reports of tritium production and of charged‐particle emission from deuterated palladium and titanium. Possible sources of error are outline and the lack of definitive experiments is discussed. Extensive sets of experiments are reported in which two previously reported results are checked in detail. A search for charged‐particle emission was conducted on deuterated titanium and 6−6−2 titanium alloy that was subjected to cryogenic cycling. Two delta E‐E silicon telescopes were used to count 42 samples for 3–4 cycles each from 84K to room temperature. No charge‐one particles were detected and alpha particle yields of a few counters per day corresponded to background levels. A search for tritium production from 1 mm diameter palladium wire was conducted on 130 electrolytic cells in D2O and H2O, and in 250 metal samples. Several samples associated with one lot of palladium stock showed latent tritium levels well above background. No evidence was obtained for the occurrence of nuclear reactions in the electrolytic cells.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.40675

出版商:AIP    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP