摘要:

This paper presents an overview of the recent activities and results of the Photovoltaics (PV) Solar Radiation Research task of NREL’s PV Advanced Research and Development (PVAR&D) Project. Topics covered include the Atmospheric Optical Calibration System (AOCS) and instrumentation systems for monitoring and characterizing the solar irradiance available to PV systems. Both types of instrumentation systems and activities are required for a thorough understanding of PV device performance and design.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.42902

出版商:AIP    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

ASTM technical subcommittee E44.09, titled Photovoltaic Electric Power Systems, has been actively involved in developing and revising industry‐consensus standards for photovoltaic measurements and characterization for both cells and modules since 1978. Current standards and draft documents fall into three categories: photovoltaic reference cell calibration, device and module characterization, and module environmental testing. This paper presents the current status of all E44.09 draft documents and standards and describes an interlaboratory comparison that is needed for reapproval of several existing standards. The interlaboratory comparison will be conducted during 1992.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.42903

出版商:AIP    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Photovoltaic energy system standard writing process by IEC and specifically technical committee 82 is presented. [AIP]

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.42904

出版商:AIP    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Most electric utility planners consider photovoltaics to be a frontier technology which is not yet mature enough to contribute to the U.S. electric generation market. Over the past decade, utilities and their regulators have begun to emphasize demand‐side management (DMS) to meet an increasing proportion of their service needs. For PV to be a valued technology in the electricity sector, DSM applications need to be identified that can provide a significant market for this technology. DSM programs of 20 of the most active utilities in the DSM market are analyzed in this research to determine the size, prices, demand, and impact of policy. Target PV‐DSM markets are identified and the policy and industry challenges that must be met are defined.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.42905

出版商:AIP    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL’s) Solar Radiation Resource Assessment Project (SRRAP) is a broad‐based program involved in the collection, analysis, and dissemination of solar radiation data and related products for use by industry and energy analysts. One of SRRAP’s current major efforts is to complete a new national solar radiation data base to replace the earlier SOLMET/ERSATZ data. The new data base will contain hourly direct, diffuse, and global solar radiation data for about 50 measured and 200 modeled sites in the U.S. for the period 1961–1990. By combining this data base with other information, SRRAP will produce a number of solar resource assessment products over the next few years which will provide direct assistance to the solar community. This paper presents an overview of the data base and discusses the products anticipated from this activity.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.42933

出版商:AIP    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Hydrogen is a high quality, low polluting fuel, which could replace oil and natural gas for transportation, heating, and power generation. If hydrogen is generated via solar photovoltaic (PV) powered water electrolysis, it would be possible to produce and use energy on a large scale with essentially no greenhouse gas emission and very little local pollution. In previous studies, we investigated some of the implications of projected advances in thin film PV technologies for PV hydrogen production. Here we summarize our findings on the design and economics of PV hydrogen systems, and discuss potential long term applications of PV hydrogen as a transportation fuel for ‘‘zero emissions’’ fuel cell vehicles.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.42934

出版商:AIP    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Recent developments of photovoltaics in Europe are reviewed. The status of cell technology will be summarized. Special attention will be directed to achievements in polycrystalline thin film solar cell technology. Aspects of systems and implementation of photovoltaics on various levels are discussed in view of specific conditions in Europe.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.42935

出版商:AIP    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The Sunshine project was organized by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) to solve energy and environment issues. New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) controls the comprehensive research and development work of the project. In the Sunshine project, photovoltaic power generation (Solar cells, photovoltaic power generation system) is one of the key topics. The target of the development of photovoltaic power generation is to reduce the cost of photovoltaic power generation to the present power by early in the next century. This paper will report progress in the development.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.42936

出版商:AIP    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The Photovoltaic (PV) Projects at Sandia National Laboratories support the Department of Energy (DOE) National Photovoltaics Program through silicon solar cell research and development, concentrator module research and development, evaluation of cells and modules for both one‐sun and concentrator applications, development and evaluation of hardware for PV applications, and domestic and international applications identification and verification. In all of these activities, close ties are maintained with industry to assure that the U.S. PV industry benefits from the Sandia/DOE effort. These industry ties include collaborative agreements between industrial partners and Sandia to improve fabrication processes, evaluating industry components and prototype products for performance and reliability, direct funding of industry for process and product development, and assuring that industry and users are brought together when systems are being developed for new applications. This paper offers an overview of the Sandia Photovoltaic Projects and their contributions to this effort.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.42937

出版商:AIP    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The EPRI program in photovoltaics (PV) focuses on two primary thrusts: 1) advancement of PV technology toward high‐performance, affordable systems for energy‐significant electric‐utility use; 2) identification, evaluation, and facilitation of PV applications in the utility sector. The first thrust includes a coordinate, multi‐university effort in amorphous‐silicon materials and device research that is transitioning toward enhanced transfer to industry; and a comprehensive industry‐based program in high‐concentration PV systems development. The second thrust is aimed currently at high value uses that are cost‐effective today, and is expanding to the next generation of applications where PV is expected to compete later in this decade.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.42938

出版商:AIP    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP