摘要:

In this review the basic interaction mechanisms of charged and neutral particles are presented. The ionization energy loss of charged particles is fundamental to most particle detectors and is therefore described in more detail. The production of electromagnetic radiation in various spectral ranges leads to the detection of charged particles in scintillation, Cherenkov and transition radiation counters. Photons are measured via the photoelectric effect, Compton scattering or pair production, and neutrons through their nuclear interactions. A combination of the various detector methods helps to identify elementary particles and nuclei. At high energies absorption techniques in calorimeters provide additional particle identification and an accurate energy measurement. ©2000 American Institute of Physics.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1361756

出版商:AIP    

年代:1900

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

This paper is an elementary introduction to the use of silicon detectors in High-Energy Physics. The principles of operation are described together with an overview of the most commonly used detector types. ©2000 American Institute of Physics.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1361757

出版商:AIP    

年代:1900

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Basic principles of the Ring Imaging CHerenkov (RICH) technique are given, the issues of designing devices based on such a technique and the factors which limit the particle discriminating power are discussed. The challenging designs adopted by current experiments are also reviewed. ©2000 American Institute of Physics.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1361758

出版商:AIP    

年代:1900

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Three techniques that have been used successfully in a number of experiments to identify the species of the particles produced in interactions and decays are discussed; time-of-flight, mean ionization loss (dE/dx), and transition radiation. The physics principles on which each is based are given and also some examples of their use in experiments. ©2000 American Institute of Physics.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1361759

出版商:AIP    

年代:1900

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Starting with a short summary of the major new experimental physics programs, we attempt to motivate the reasons why existing general-purpose detectors at Hadron Colliders are what they are, why they are being upgraded, and why new facilities are being constructed. The CDF and ATLAS detectors are used to illustrate these motivations. Selected physics results from the CDF experiment provide evidence for limitations on the detector performance, and new physics opportunities motivate both machine and detector upgrades. This is discussed with emphasis on the improved physics reach of the CDF experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron(s=2&hthinsp;TeV).From 2005, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will become operational at a collision energy ofs=14&hthinsp;TeV,seven times larger than at the Tevatron Collider. To exploit the physics capability of the LHC, several large detectors are being constructed. The detectors are significantly more complex than those at the Tevatron Collider because of physics and operational constraints. The detector design and technology of the aspects of the large general-purpose detector ATLAS is described. ©2000 American Institute of Physics.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1361760

出版商:AIP    

年代:1900

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

I sketch some pressing questions in several active areas of particle physics and outline the challenges they present for the design and operation of detectors. ©2000 American Institute of Physics.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1361761

出版商:AIP    

年代:1900

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The new technological challenges that will have to be confronted in HEP are mainly due to the new physics issues. What is beyond the standard model? That is the question. This review will first list the physics demands in order to explore this unknown world. It will then show with appropriate examples, how the new physics will require confronting new technological challenges in: designing new accelerators, developing new detectors, designing new front-end readout systems and using the new software and hardware tools for the online readout and DAQ systems. ©2000 American Institute of Physics.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1361762

出版商:AIP    

年代:1900

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

This article is a survey of advanced major photodetectors for High Energy Particle Physics, Particle Astrophysics and Medical Imaging. It is intended to give a broad background to ICFA level students. Description, operation and some applications of such photodetectors will be described. ©2000 American Institute of Physics.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1361763

出版商:AIP    

年代:1900

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

This paper is about the applications of the Visible Light Photon Counters (VLPCs) to High Energy Particle Physics Experiments using scintillating fibers, Particle Astrophysics, and Medical Imaging. The VLPC is a derivative of the Solid State Photomultiplier (SSPM) that can detect single photons at a high avalanche gain with very high quantum efficiency with excellent time resolution. ©2000 American Institute of Physics.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1361764

出版商:AIP    

年代:1900

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Dark matter is one of the most pressing problems in modern cosmology and particle physic research. This talk will motivate the existence of dark matter by reviewing the main experimental evidence for its existence, the rotation curves of galaxies and the motions of galaxies about one another. It will then go on to review the corroborating theoretical motivations before combining all the supporting evidence to explore some of the possibilities for dark matter along with its expected properties. This will lay the ground work for dark matter detection. A number of differing techniques are being developed and used to detect dark matter. These will be briefly discussed before the focus turns to cryogenic detection techniques. Finally, some preliminary results and expectations will be given for the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) experiment. ©2000 American Institute of Physics.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1361765

出版商:AIP    

年代:1900

数据来源: AIP