摘要:

A large part of my lectures were devoted to the formulation of lattice QCD. A more detailed account of these, than presented at this school, is available from the e-print archive [1]. So, the only topic that I will cover in this writeup is renormalization on the lattice and the procedure for taking the continuum limit. These topics were presented in a different way from that in [1] and many participants expressed interest in seeing the alternate form written. The details of the latice approach to extracting the quark masses and the hadron spectrum are also given in [1]. A status report on these calculations can be found in [2-4]. I was, contrary to plans, unable to cover the calculations of matrix elements using Lattice QCD and their impact on the Standard Model phenomenology. I have, therefore, included a list of references that should provide an interested reader a good starting point to learn about these calculations. ©1999 American Institute of Physics

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1301380

出版商:AIP    

年代:1999

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

These lectures give an overview of the status of radiative correction calculations to provide accurate theoretical predictions for testing the standard model (SM) in present and future experiments. The status of the standard model is discussed in the light of the recent electroweak precision data for the vector boson masses and for theZresonance observables. As a theoretically well motivated example of physics beyond the SM, the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) is considered, reviewing precision tests of the MSSM and precise calculations for the mass of the lightest Higgs boson. ©1999 American Institute of Physics.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1301381

出版商:AIP    

年代:1999

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

In these lectures, I shall discuss small x physics and the consequences of the high gluon density which arises as x decreases. I argue that an understanding of this problem would lead to knowledge of the high energy asymptotics of hadronic processes. The high gluon density should allow a first principles computation of these asymptotics from QCD. ©1999 American Institute of Physics.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1301382

出版商:AIP    

年代:1999

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

These lectures describe some aspects of the physics of massive neutrinos. After a brief introduction of neutrinos in the Standard Model, I discuss possible patterns for their masses. In particular, I show how the presence of a large Majorana mass term for the right-handed neutrinos can engender tiny neutrino masses for the observed neutrinos. If neutrinos have mass, different flavors of neutrinos can oscillate into one another. To analyze this phenomena, I develop the relevant formalism for neutrino oscillations, both in vacuum and in matter. After reviewing the existing (negative) evidence for neutrino masses coming from direct searches, I discuss evidence for, and hints of, neutrino oscillations in the atmosphere, the sun, and at accelerators. Some of the theoretical implications of these results are emphasized. I close these lectures by briefly outlining future experiments which will shed further light on atmospheric, accelerator and solar neutrino oscillations. A pedagogical discussion of Dirac and Majorana masses is contained in an appendix. ©1999 American Institute of Physics.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1301383

出版商:AIP    

年代:1999

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Low-mass particles such as neutrinos, axions, other Nambu-Goldstone bosons, gravitons, and so forth are produced in the hot and dense interior of stars. Therefore, astrophysical arguments constrain the properties of these particles in ways which are often complementary to cosmological arguments and to laboratory experiments. The most important stellar-evolution arguments are explained and the resulting particle-physics limits are reviewed in the context of other information from cosmology and laboratory experiments. ©1999 American Institute of Physics.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1301384

出版商:AIP    

年代:1999

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

A sample of the physics potential of the Large Hadron Collider is given. The ATLAS and CMS detectors are described with the constraints of the difficult LHC environment. Potential discovery of the Standard Model and MSSM Higgs bosons is demonstrated. The reach of these experiments and of the B-physics dedicated experiment LHCb for CP violation,Bs0mixing and rare B decays is also discussed. ©1999 American Institute of Physics.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1301385

出版商:AIP    

年代:1999

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

In these notes we review some relevant results on2+1quantum gravity. These include the Chern-Simons formulation and its affine Kac-Moody symmetry, the asymptotic algebra of Brown and Henneaux, and the statistical mechanics description of2+1black holes. A brief introduction to the classical and semiclassical aspects of black holes is also included. The level of the notes is basic assuming only some knowledge on Statistical Mechanics, General Relativity and Yang-Mills theory. ©1999 American Institute of Physics.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1301386

出版商:AIP    

年代:1999

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

In these lecture notes, I will describe heterotic/type-II duality in six and four dimensions. When supersymmetry is the maximalN=4it will be shown that the duality reduces in the field theory limit to the Montonen-Olive duality ofN=4Super Yang-Mills theory. We will consider further compactifications of type II theory on Calabi-Yau manifolds. We will understand the physical meaning of geometric conifold singularities and the dynamics of conifold transitions. When the CY manifold is a K3 fibration we will argue that the type-II ground-state is dual to the heterotic theory compactified onK3×T2.This allows an exact computation of the low effective action. Taking the field theory limit,&agr;′→0,we will recover the Seiberg-Witten non-perturbative solution ofN=2gauge theory. ©1999 American Institute of Physics.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1301387

出版商:AIP    

年代:1999

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The search for a unified theory of quantum gravity and gauge interactions leads naturally to string theory. This field of research has received a revival of interest after the discovery of duality symmetries in recent years. We present a self contained account of some non-perturbative aspects of string theory which have been recently understood. The spectrum and interactions of the five consistent superstring theories in ten dimensions are recollected and the fundamental principles underlying this initial stage in the construction of the theory are briefly reviewed. We next discuss some evidences that these apparently different superstrings are just different aspects of one unique theory. The key to this development is given by the non-perturbative duality symmetries which have modified and improved our understanding of string dynamics in many ways. In particular, by relating the fundamental objects of one theory to solitons of another theory, they have unraveled the presence of extended objects in the theory which stand on an equal footing with strings. We introduce these higher dimensional objects, namedD-branes, and discuss applications ofD-branephysics. ©1999 American Institute of Physics.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1301388

出版商:AIP    

年代:1999

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

All-loop Finite Unified Theories (FUTs) are very interestingN=1 GUTsin which a complete reduction of couplings has been achieved. FUTs realize an old field theoretical dream and have remarkable predictive power. Reduction of dimensionless couplings inN=1 GUTsis achieved by searching for renormalization group invariant (RGI) relations among them holding beyond the unification scale. Finiteness results from the fact that there exists RGI relations among dimensionless couplings that guarantee the vanishing of the &bgr;- functions in certainN=1supersymmetric GUTS even to all orders. Recent developments in the soft supersymmetry breaking (SSB) sector ofN=1 GUTsand FUTs lead to exact RGI relations also in this sector of the theories. Of particular interest is a RGI sum rule for the soft scalar masses holding to all orders. The characteristic features of SU(5) models that have been constructed based on the above tools are: a) the old agreement of the top quark prediction with the measured value remains unchanged, b) the lightest Higgs boson is predicted to be around 120 GeV, c) the s-spectrum starts above several hundreds of GeV. ©1999 American Institute of Physics.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.1301389

出版商:AIP    

年代:1999

数据来源: AIP