ISSN:1059-1478    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-5956.1992.tb00346.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A survey of 15 firms showed that agreement among operations managers on competitive priorities is related to agreement on long‐run strategic trade‐off decisions and not to agreement on shortrun trade‐offs. Furthermore, intended short‐run actions were often in conflict with stated competitive priorities. Use of management‐by‐objectives linked to performance appraisal was related to agreement on competitive

ISSN:1059-1478    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-5956.1992.tb00347.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

R. J. Reynolds Tobacco USA (RJR) is currently implementing a microcomputer‐based decision support system to computerize and optimize the selection of patterns for loading cases of finished product into truck trailers at RJR's Central Distribution Center. This system allows for the efficient loading of trucks with less supervision. Total annual savings from reduced personnel and shipping costs is approximately $850,000. In addition to these benefits, the system is a stepping stone for trailer loading automation and the integration of a comprehensive load planning syste

ISSN:1059-1478    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-5956.1992.tb00348.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The persistent shortage of nurses adversely affects the productivity, quality of care, and operating costs in most acute care hospitals. Aggravating the shortage are high nurse turnover rates, approaching 200% in some institutions. Policies to ensure adequate staffing levels and provide more attractive work schedules are alleged to improve nurse retention. However, their cost is seldom discussed.We compared expected nursing expense and workforce requirements to staff eight medical and surgical nursing units of a large hospital for 1 month, under 12 different scheduling policies alleged to improve turnover. Using simulation and an integrated staffing and scheduling methodology, we found that the expected nursing wages and workforce requirements for some policies differed by as much as 33%. In this hospital, the expected labor costs for certain policies could erode the benefits expected from improved retention. In contrast, other policies appear to allow high utilization of nursing resources, enhancing the expected benefits of reduced turnover with significant reductions in expenses for labor, recruiting, training, and fringe benefits.

ISSN:1059-1478    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-5956.1992.tb00349.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Evidence suggests that factory‐based service will become the next form of competition among manufacturers. If this is true, then manufacturing executives will have to obtain a clear understanding of the service capabilities of their plants and adjust their strategies accordingly. We define a set of factory‐based services, information, problem solving, sales, and support, and suggest that they be considered in developing manufacturing strategy. Several propositions provide a framework for future research by linking service performance variables to conventionally accepted manufacturing performance variab

ISSN:1059-1478    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-5956.1992.tb00350.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Most inventory and production planning models in the academic literature treat lead times either as constants or random variables with known distributions outside of management control. However, a number of recent articles in the popular press have argued that reducing lead times is a dominant issue in manufacturing strategy. The benefits of reducing customer lead times that are frequently cited include increased customer demand, improved quality, reduced unit cost, lower carrying cost, shorter forecast horizon, less safety stock inventory, and better market position.Although the costs of reducing lead times in the long term may be relatively insignificant compared with the benefits, in the short term these costs can have a significant impact on the profitability of a firm. This article develops a conceptual framework within which the costs and benefits of lead time reduction can be compared. Mathematical models for optimal lead time reduction are developed within this framework. The solutions to these models provide methods for calculating optimal lead times, which can be applied in practice. Sensitivity analysis of the optimal solutions provides insight into the structure of these solutions.

ISSN:1059-1478    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-5956.1992.tb00351.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The common approach to balancing mixed‐model assembly lines assumes that the line operators are well trained and that the learning effect is negligible. The assumption is that the line operates in steady state over a long period of time. Time‐based competition and frequent design changes in many products make this assumption incorrect, and the effect of learning on mixed‐model lines should not be neglected.We defined start‐up period and developed a model for the line design during start‐up. It can be used to evaluate a proposed line design or to develop a feasible line design and to estimate its cost. This proposed model integrates mixed‐model learning curves with aggregate planning under learning and a mixed‐model line design into a comprehensive framework designed to minimize the total cost of the line during the st

ISSN:1059-1478    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-5956.1992.tb00352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We are concerned with a discrete‐time undiscounted dynamic lot size model in which demand and the production setup cost are constant for an initial few periods and the holding cost of inventory is an arbitrary nondecreasing function assumed to be stationary (i.e., explicitly independent of time) in the same initial few periods. We show that there exists a finite forecast horizon in our model and obtain an explicit formula for it. In addition, we obtain fairly general conditions under which the existence of a solution horizon in the model implies the existence of a forecast horizon. We also derive an explicit formula for the minimal solution horizon. These results extend the earlier ones obtained for the dynamic lot size model with linearly increasing holding cost

ISSN:1059-1478    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-5956.1992.tb00353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A simple mixed integer programming model for theNjob/single machine scheduling problem with possibly sequence‐dependent setup times, differing earliness/tardiness cost penalties, and variable due dates is proposed and evaluated for computational efficiency. Results indicated that the computational effort required to reach optimality rose with the number of jobs to be scheduled and with decreased variance in due dates. Though computational effort was significant for the largest problems solved, the model remained viable for optimizing research scale problem

ISSN:1059-1478    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-5956.1992.tb00354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During the 19805 much attention, both pro and con, was directed toward optimized production technology (OPT). Criticism was directed at the proprietary nature of the scheduling algorithms within the software. Despite these criticisms, many large companies installed OPT. Little has been written on how the software is constructed and operates. This article introduces the software, provides a discussion of how it interfaces with management, and how various algorithms are imbedded in the software function. Last, a survey of companies that had implemented the software revealed that the major users are in the automotive industry.

ISSN:1059-1478    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-5956.1992.tb00355.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY