摘要:

Summary:Neuropsychological findings in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have yielded inconsistent findings. This study attempted to both examine specific functions hypothesized to be impaired in OCD and more generalized performance variables that may underlie such compromised function. Selected neuropsychological variables were examined in 31 obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients and 22 age and sex-matched normal controls. OCD patients performed significantly more poorly than normal controls on visuospatial, visuoperceptual and visual discrimination tasks as well as on set shifting, sequencing and tracking tasks. These findings were especially prominent in male patients, who also had impairment on visuoconstructional tasks.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:Many past studies have assessed psychiatric symptoms among epileptic patients, but little is known about the lifetime frequency of psychiatric disorders meeting modern diagnostic criteria in this group. In order to evaluate specific psychiatric syndromes in patients with complex partial seizures and clarify the relationship between behavioral disturbance and epilepsy-related variables, a standardized method of neuropsychiatric assessment was applied to a well-characterized population of patients with epilepsy. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R-Patient Version (SCID-P), a reliable and widely used diagnostic instrument, was administered to 60 patients with medically intractable complex partial seizures (CPS). The interview was modified with additional questions exploring the relationship between psychiatric complaints and epilepsy course. 42 patients (70%) had histories of one or more DSM-III-R Axis I diagnoses. 35 (58.33%) had histories of depressive disorders. 19(31.67%) had histories of anxiety disorders. 8 (13.33%) had histories of psychotic disorders. Personality disorders were diagnosed in 11 cases (18.33%). Axis I disorders were more common among the patients without a history of birth trauma. Anxiety disorders were associated with a history of head trauma. Psychotic disorders were more common among patients with both CPS and generalized seizures. Psychiatric disorders meeting DSM-III-R criteria are very common among patients with severe CPS. Depressive disorders in patients with epilepsy often exhibited the typical clinical syndrome of major depressive episodes, while psychotic and personality disorders were often atypical.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:Cognitive correlates of delusions were examined in 180 probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Deluded (n = 45) and nondeluded (n = 135) AD patients were equally demented, but deluded patients had relatively preserved attention and worse confrontation naming. In an independent sample of AD patients, the finding of better attention in deluded patients was replicated but the naming difference, although in the expected direction, failed to reach significance. Preserved attention and poor naming may be important for the development of delusions in AD patients.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:Verbal memory was tested through free-recall and priming in unilateral anterior temporal lobectomy (TL) and in selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SAH) patients in order to determine if more memory is available, implicitly, than is indicated by free-recall in left- versus right-sided cases. Neither recall nor priming distinguished between TL and SAH patients. Consistent with other findings, free-recall was asymmetrical, worse in left-sided than in right-sided patients (regardless of surgery). On the other hand, priming revealed a left-right symmetrical implicit memory component as well as a memory component (interpreted as recognition) which was lower in left- than in right-sided patients. The anterior temporal lobe on either side does not seem to be involved in implicit memory. The results indicate that more verbal memory is available, implicitly, in long-term memory in TL and SAH than free-recall alone indicates, and unlike free-recall, it is left-right symmetrical.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:The Mini-Mental State Exam is a brief screening instrument commonly used in evaluating geriatric patients for the presence of cognitive impairment. An investigation of the instrument's ability to detect varying levels and types of cognitive impairment in psychogeriatric patients was conducted. Results revealed significant limitations in the instrument's ability to detect dementia, as well as other cognitive impairments. These limitations suggest that certain types of cognitive impairment may be overlooked if the MMS is relied upon as a definitive screening tool.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:Hypergraphia is one symptom of the controversial interictal behavior syndrome of temporal lobe epilepsy. Two cases are described of hypergraphic patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and intermittent mania. A review of all known published cases of interictal hypergraphia in epilepsy patients shows a preponderance of nondominant foci and frequent mention of affective disturbances. The existing case reports support the notion that interictal hypergraphia can be seen in association with secondary (organic) mania as well as depression. Comprehensive psychiatric evaluations of patients showing these interictal behavior changes will be necessary to demonstrate that they truly comprise a distinct neuropsychiatric syndrome.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:Failure to detect intentional failure on cognitive status and neuropsychological examinations can be costly, not just in wasted resources, but also in deleterious societal consequences and damage to health profession credibility. A forensic case is presented in which, following lengthy legal proceedings protracted by conflicting clinical opinions regarding the patient's cognitive status, procedures designed to detect malingering demonstrated incontestable evidence of intentional failure. This case demonstrates the value of supplementing clinical judgment regarding patient motivation with objective procedures whenever the potential for secondary gain exists.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:We describe a patient who sustained multifocal cerebral injuries as the result of a fall. She was left with significant speech and motor abnormalities that were resistant to speech and physical therapy. Introduction of bromocriptine and carbidopa/L-dopa 2 and 3 years, respectively, after the injury resulted in dramatic improvements in speech and motor functions.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:A 50-year-old woman, who survived 12 years following cranial irradiation for a frontal tumor, developed a delayed-onset, progressive neuropsychiatric disorder culminating in florid psychosis. Her symptoms and deficits fit the clinical pattern of a progressive subcortical disease and correlated with neuroimaging evidence of continuing white matter degeneration. We compare this irradiation-induced dementia to other toxic and degenerative dementias, and consider the role of cerebral white matter in the genesis of psychotic symptoms.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:This report describes an individual with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (IHPT) who had never sought, or received, psychiatric evaluation or care. He came to our attention because of computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies showed symmetrical mineralizations in areas of the brain known to be associated with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD): the frontal lobes, the heads of the caudate nuclei and the thalami. A subsequent single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) study and neuropsychiatric testing uncovered a picture consistent with OCD. To the best of our knowledge, an association between IHPT and OCD has not been previously reported.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID