ISSN:0038-4348    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Disturbances of gastric emptying are being increasingly recognized as causes of clinical problems such as chronic nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Although much remains to be learned, enough information is available to enable the practicing physician to develop an approach to diagnosis and management of these often difficult problems. We review here relevant physiologic concepts of gastric motor activity during fasting and feeding, as well as its controlling mechanisms. These concepts are then applied to develop a rational classification of gastric motor disorders which incorporates clinical as well as pathophysiologic information. Further, we review pertinent diagnostic studies (including gastric emptying tests, manometry, and electrophysiologic measurements) and therapeutic approaches.

ISSN:0038-4348    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The past decade has witnessed an exponential growth of knowledge about upper gastrointestinal motility. The elucidation of the clinical problems is based on remarkable morphophysiologic, clinical, diagnostic, and pharmacotherapeutic advances. New approaches rely on a more sensitive application of manometric evaluation which has allowed identification of more subtle abnormalities of motility, as well as appreciation of the role of scintigraphic studies to measure transit through the esophagus, combined with the standard use of the cine-esophagogram modified to assess a solid bolus. New techniques to evaluate gastric motility include myoelectric gastrography and administration of isotope-labeled meals. These advances have been enhanced by the advent of prokinetic therapeutic agents, such as metoclopramide and domperidone. Evaluation of intestinal motility involves the use of intraluminal pressure sensing catheters, as well as methods to measure transit times. The standard hydrogen breath test as a noninvasive study of small intestinal transit time has been supplemented by an isotope-labeled liquid meal. Identification of clinical states with delayed and rapid small bowel transit times will have therapeutic implications in the future.

ISSN:0038-4348    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Esophageal motor disorders may be clearly primary, as in achalasia or diffuse esophageal spasm (DES), or clearly secondary, as in scleroderma or intrathoracic malignancy. In patients with gastroesophageal reflux, abnormal motility of the esophageal body and stomach, and lower esophageal spasm (LES) appear to predispose patients to reflux. It is possible that esophagitis caused by refluxed gastric material then further impairs motility, propagating the injury. Therapeutically, appropriate use of recently available medications, such as calcium channel blockers and metoclopramide, and new applications of previously available agents, such as hydralazine and bethanechol, have improved our ability to relieve symptoms and at times restore more normal motility.

ISSN:0038-4348    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0038-4348    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

During a six-month period, 552 infants were admitted to a level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and four level II units. Of the 953 cross matches of blood components requested from the blood bank, 83% were administered. Forty-four percent of the infants received multiple blood transfusions from multiple blood donors (mean 3.9 donors, range two to 11). Thirty-one percent received multiple transfusions from only one donor. The mean total volume of blood given was 22.5 ml (range 3 to 120 ml), exclusive of blood used for exchange transfusions. Seventy percent of the blood components were given to infants weighing less than 2,500 gm, and 44% were given to infants weighing less than 1,500 gm. Hospitals having only level II units must have the same blood banking facilities as hospitals with level III units, since 21% of the infants given transfusion received the blood component while receiving level II care

ISSN:0038-4348    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In 29 real-time ultrasonic studies of infants in the intensive care nursery, the technique either accurately diagnosed or led directly to the correct diagnosis in 27 (93%). Twenty-four of these infants had suspected abnormality in the abdomen or pelvis, three had congestive heart failure and bruits, one had respiratory distress and an opacified hemithorax on chest roentgenogram, and one was a child with ambiguous genitalia in whom sonography identified a uterus. We suggest that portable, real-time ultrasonography is an ideal modality with which to study seriously ill infants whose medical condition precludes transport to the radiology department.

ISSN:0038-4348    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Eight cases of central nervous system infection due to La Crosse (California serogroup) virus were detected in Georgia children in 1982. The patients were residents of the state, without histories of travel away from the vicinities of their homes during the 30 days before the onset of their illnesses. All were hospitalized with a diagnosis of aseptic meningitis or encephalitis; none had sequelae. Onset dates were from May 1 to Aug 30. Distribuion of cases within the state suggested that active transmission of La Crosse virus occurred at least in the southeast quadrant of the state. The epidemiology and natural cycle of La Crosse in the southeastern United States are briefly discussed.

ISSN:0038-4348    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To ascertain the morbidity, outcome, and prediction of survival of infants weighing <800 gm at birth, we reviewed all newborn and follow-up records for this group who were treated at The Medical Center between 1978 and 1981. Of the 71 infants in this category, 12 survived and underwent comprehensive evaluations between six and 36 months of age. Nine of the 12 infants had no abnormalities on neurologic examination; ten had developmental quotients greater than 70; one was severely visually impaired; and three had evidence of growth retardation. Factors correlating with nonsurvival included a birth weight of <700 gm, asphyxia, fused eyelids, hypothermia, and male sex. We conclude that, although mortality is high, survivors can have a satisfactory outcome.

ISSN:0038-4348    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Computerized tomography (CT), which has revolutionized the diagnosis of intracranial disease in less than a decade, has made substantial progress in spinal diagnosis in the last few years. It is rapidly becoming the preferred technique for the diagnosis of lumbar disk herniation and is applicable to cervical disk diagnosis, although there are some important technical differences. Over a three-year period my group has performed 468 cervical CT studies. A comparison between the myelographic and the CT findings in 144 of these cases indicates that CT equals the accuracy and exceeds the sensitivity of myelography in the diagnosis of cervical disk herniations.

ISSN:0038-4348    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID