摘要:

AbstractMany design techniques for magnetic resonance gradient waveforms have aimed at controlling the phase that results from spin motion during the application of gradients. This paper discusses the evolution of gradient waveform design into the gradient‐moment‐nulling and motion‐encoding efforts common today. It also describes current design methods and techn

ISSN:1043-7347    

DOI:10.1002/cmr.1820050202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe measurement of intracellular pH is of crucial importance in biomedical investigation. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy methods allow investigators to monitor this essential parameter in a variety of experimental conditions. Although a number of NMR spectroscopy methods for measuring intracellular pH have been described, the method of using the chemical shift of inorganic phosphate has been employed most widely. In this review, we discuss the various NMR methodologies which allow for measurement of intracellular pH as well as selected topics where these measurements have been employed. Because of the volume of work which has been published using NMR to monitor intracellular pH, we have not attempted to be exhaustive in our review, but rather have tried to highlight the importance of this methodology by reviewing several topics in biology and medicine where NMR measurements of intracellular pH have played an important role in improving our understanding.

ISSN:1043-7347    

DOI:10.1002/cmr.1820050203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBuilding on our previous discussions of the Hamiltonian operators that are important in the description of high‐resolution NMR experiments, we use here the same symbolism and approach to develop formulations for time‐dependent operators. These considerations lead to discussions of free precession and the influence of applied radio‐frequency fields. As with the previous articles, the presentations are explicit, the mathematical operations are explained in detail, and all assumptions made are indi

ISSN:1043-7347    

DOI:10.1002/cmr.1820050204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1043-7347    

DOI:10.1002/cmr.1820050205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1043-7347    

DOI:10.1002/cmr.1820050206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1043-7347    

DOI:10.1002/cmr.1820050207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1043-7347    

DOI:10.1002/cmr.1820050208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1043-7347    

DOI:10.1002/cmr.1820050209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1043-7347    

DOI:10.1002/cmr.1820050201

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY