摘要:

Infectious and many non-infectious diseases are associated with immune activation and the production of cytokines in the periphery and in the brain. Studies on experimental animals indicate that cytokines within the brain induce a depression-like behavioral syndrome, characterized by anhedonia, diminished interest in the environment, reduced libido, anorexia, weight loss, hypersomnia, psychomotor retardation, fatigue, and diminished cognitive functioning. Similar symptoms accompany medical conditions that involve immune activation in humans. Moreover, depressed mood and other depressive symptoms are induced in humans following cytokine administration. Brain cytokines also affect the neurochemical systems that are implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Based on these findings, it is suggested that immune activation is involved in the etiology and symptomatology of 'depression due to a general medical condition'.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There is a growing body of evidence which consistently suggests that membrane lipid abnormalities occur in major depression.Omega-3 essential fatty acids, in particular docosahexaenoic acid (a member of the omega-3 family), seem to be depleted in depression. Recent prospective studies have confirmed that depression is a major predictor of coronary heart disease and hypertension and is associated with the onset and course of non-insulin dependent diabetes. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are implicated in each of these physical diseases. In view of these findings the way depression is perceived and treated may need to be re-examined.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review examines the conceptualisations, empirical status, and treatment regimens of six of the major anxiety disorders at a time when the results of large multi-site studies are beginning to appear. The work highlights recent revisions to established treatment procedures and briefly outlines new adjuncts to therapy (e.g. computers) and adaptations across specialties (i.e. child and elderly).

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Developments related to psychotherapy and psychological assessments of depressive disorders are reviewed.Results of several more recent studies of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) have yielded relatively unimpressive results. Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), on the other hand, was both comparable with nortriptyline and significantly more effective than a treatment as usual comparison group in a well-controlled study conducted in primary care clinics. Some evidence is accumulating to suggest that both CBT and IBT are less effective when patients manifest neurobiologic disturbances suggestive of CNS hyperarousal. Studies utilizing measures of therapeutic alliance and patients personality characteristics and interpersonal difficulties also better define the boundaries to psychotherapy response in the depressive disorders.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID