ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A review of papers on cretinism, phenylketonuria, fetal alcohol syndrome and Williams syndrome published in the period February 1990 to May 1991. In the first two, definable by laboratory test, the emphasis is on aetiology, pathogenesis and treatment. In the latter disorders, the literature focuses on the better definition of the phenotype, particularly the psychological side.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

No major theme dominates current literature. However, follow up of treated phenylketonuria and sporadic hypothyroidism is now gaining needed attention, whilst further work in Down's syndrome and autistic disorders offers no great advances. Studies derive from a widening range of countries, but commonly basic issues of classification, definition, measurement, and the general epidemiology of retardation are ignored or misunderstood.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary and review of recent research investigating the molecular basis of the fragile X syndrome and the cognitive, behavioral, neurological and neuroanatomical correlates of the syndrome in both males and females. Findings suggest that the differentiation between negative and positive fragility is an important factor towards understanding the phenotypic variability of fragile X in females. Additional information has been provided regarding decline in IQ, language and neurophysiological characteristics of males with fragile X. Neuroanatomical investigations have made initial progress toward understanding the pathogenesis of the neuropsychiatric phenotype of the syndrome in males and females.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent developments in the conceptualization, assessment and treatment of self-injurious behaviour are reviewed. Attention is drawn to the integration of behavioural and neurobiological models, the importance of functional analysis, and growing evidence in support of opiod antagonists and positive behaviourial approaches.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Social ecological perspectives increasingly characterize research on adaptation of families affected by mental retardation, rather than models of parental stress and pathology. Major trends include: increased diversity in the families studied, concern with parent and child adjustment at different stages of the life cycle, and development of new and refined methods to assess critical aspects of family functioning.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Progress towards the achievement of good community provision — de-institutionalization, a better quality of life, social integration, employment, user empowerment — which is sensitive to the needs of people with learning difficulties of all backgrounds is reviewed. Signs of a disturbing re-acceptance of institutions as an appropriate form of current and future provision are also noted.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The review explores legal, moral and philosophical issues concerning services for people with learning difficulties (mental handicap). The implications of proposals for law reforms are reviewed in the context of services based on the philosophy of normalization. Recent debates on the ethics of aversive behavioural procedures are summarized, and the advantages of non-aversive technologies for people with challenging behaviour outlined.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The wealth of literature relevant to this topic has made it necessary for the author to omit many notable articles. It also appears to have led to an increase in the number of good quality review articles. Studies on autism, abuse and non-aversive behaviourial approaches appear to be on the increase but there is less written on specific psychiatric disorders and on the psychotherapies.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Careful study continues to elucidate behavioral and physical descriptors indicative of the psychiatric disorders which cause or are reflected in mental retardation and maladaptive social patterns. The best of these studies, as they relate to both common and rare disorders associated with retardation, employ a multidisciplinary approach, state-of-the-art technology, and careful observation of behavior and environment. Nevertheless, case reports also continue to provide useful information on the more unusual aspects of the dual diagnosis.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID