摘要:

SummaryCost‐price and StatisticsThe cost‐price may be represented by the following formula:in whichK = the cost‐price;H = predetermined quantities of raw and other materials and of machine‐and manhours;P = prices of the quantities H per unit;R = fraction of interest;t = period during which the capital is tied up.It is demonstrated that in many cases the cost‐price factors are interdependent. Besides it is mentioned that under the presentday accounting practices the cost‐price is generally treated as an exactly determinable quantity, although its stochastic character is very often evident.A comparison is made with statistical quality‐control. The view is upheld that the technique used in such cases will be of importance in realizing a cost‐price which to a greater extent is adapted to statist

ISSN:0039-0402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9574.1960.tb01037.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryOrder against disorder, an optimum problemThe whole of the production systems, presenting the social production apparatus, is not a chaotic, undifferentiated conglomerate, but shows a well‐defined structure. Internally, too, production systems display the most varied forms of differentiation.This organization presents many advantages, but at the same time involves the need for coordination, i.e. the framing of equilibrated plans, in which the aims of the different sections are coordinated with the total purpose and in which the limitations of the available means are taken into account. Operational Research has arisen from the need for coordination, specially in those cases where phenomena are complex.The function and the place of an operational research department in a concern can be learned about from Henry Fayol's study on the management of a concern.The operational research department has a general staff function, directly subordinate to the supreme management, without any power to make decisions.The use of mathematical techniques will never result automatically in the right decisions.The quality of a model is determined by efficiency considerations. In each case the additional accuracy has to be weighed against the additional advantages. On economic considerations some measure of „disorder” has to be accepted.The determination of the optimum quality of an O.R. model forms a problem which in practice can only be solved by the intuition of the O.R. speci

ISSN:0039-0402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9574.1960.tb01038.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Statistical independence in probability, analysis and number theory, M. KacThe Analysis of Variance, Henry SchefféLes méthodes en génétique générale et en génétique humaine, R. Huron, et J. RuffiéStudies in Linear and Non‐linear Programming, K. J. Arrow, L. Hurwicz, H. UzawaMathematical Programming and Electrical Networks, J. B. DennisThe analyeis of multiple time‐series, M.

ISSN:0039-0402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9574.1960.tb01039.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY