摘要:

SummaryIn the Netherlands all gambling is forbidden except in a few cases specially mentioned in the law. Time and again specialists in probability theory or statistics are called upon to testify as experts in lawsuits against law evaders. This paper discusses the part played by the experts in such legal procedures. It is pointed out that according to Dutch jurisprudence there does not exist an exclusive distinction between games of chance and games of skill. A simple declaration by an expert that a given game is largely based on chance suffices to see the game sentenced as against the law. This and various other related questions are discussed in detail and illustrated by examples taken from personal experience in the courts.

ISSN:0039-0402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9574.1969.tb00084.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary“Skill and chance”.According to Dutch law games of chance are forbidden. This leads to the exploitation of all kinds of mechanical plays where skill plays a part, but chance too. Opinions differ about the interpretation of the law, which does not give a clear definition of the kind of plays it wants to forbid. It is not even quite clear whether the distinction between games of chance and games of skill is relevant. In this paper, which is a reaction to Hamaker'spaper about the same subject in this issue, the thesis is defended that the distinction is necessary if one does not want the law to imply too much or too little.Rapport S 409 (SP 113) van de Afdeling Mathematische Statistiek van het Mathematisch Centrurn, Amster

ISSN:0039-0402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9574.1969.tb00085.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0039-0402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9574.1969.tb00086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAn analysis is given of the character of games of chance and games of skill. It is shown that every game is influenced by stochastic effects. Whether a game should be classified as a game of pure skill or as a game of chance depends on the rules of the game, on the evaluation of the outcomes of the game and on the possibilities the player has by applying his skill to cope with the random effects of the particular game situations.

ISSN:0039-0402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9574.1969.tb00087.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryLegal security under uncertaintyThere are two sources of losses in decision making: collective judgment and uncertainty. The situation can be summarized as follows:Minimization of losses can be achieved by using optimal decision rules. The effect of this method differs in the three cases treated. The analogies and differences of the three cases are discussed in this paper.Lezing gehouden op de Statistische Dag 1969.

ISSN:0039-0402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9574.1969.tb00088.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Introduction and summaryConsider an ordered sample(1),(2),…,(2n+1)of size 2n+1 from the normal distribution with parameters μ and s̀. We then have with probability one(1)<(2)<…<(2n+1).The random variablen=(n+1)/(2n+1)‐(1)that can be described as the quotient of the sample median and the sample range, provides us with an estimate for μ/s̀, that is easy to calculate. To calculate the distribution of hnis quite a different matter***. The distribution function of h1, and the density of h2are given in section 1. Our results seem hardly promising for general hn. In section 2 it is shown that hnis asymptotically normal.In the sequel we suppose μ= 0 and s̀= 1, i.e. we consider only the “central” distribution. Note that hncan be used as a test statistic replacing Student's t. In that case the central hnis all

ISSN:0039-0402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9574.1969.tb00089.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA table of the distribution function of the quotient of sample median and sample range of small samples from the normal distribution is given which is based partly on theoretical results published by L.deHaanand J. Th. Runnenburg, partly on numerical results obtained with Monte Carlo methods. Moreover an approximation of this distribution by Students distributions is introduced.

ISSN:0039-0402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9574.1969.tb00090.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0039-0402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9574.1969.tb00091.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA method known as Kosten'sroulette model, for production of arrivals and departures in a simulated system, is described. This method seem to be not very well known outside the field of telecommunications. Some generalizations and restrictions of the method are described. Its advantages and disadvantages, compared with the ordinary method using a time axis, are outlined.

ISSN:0039-0402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9574.1969.tb00092.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn this paper a new method for combiningP‐values is suggested. This method takes into account that the P‐values to be combined may be based upon different numbers of degrees of free

ISSN:0039-0402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9574.1969.tb00093.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY