摘要:

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to discuss the proportional representation problem in the Second Chamber of Dutch Parliament. Firstly, the present procedure for solving this problem is described, together with a possible alternative procedure, recently proposed by F. J. Lisman. Next, the problem is formulated as that of minimizing some distance coefficient between the distribution of the votes of the electorate and that of the seats in the Second Chamber. For distances which satisfy a specific convexity condition a simple and straight forward algorithm is given for computing a distance minimizing seat distribution. The procedure of Lismanis shown to have three attractive properties by which it is distinguished from the other usual procedures for solving the proportional representation problem. Finally, the principle of the weighted vote is introduced as a means of breaking the deadlock which always comes into being, because of the inevitable discrepancy between the vote distribution and the actual seat distributio

ISSN:0039-0402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9574.1978.tb01397.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract This paper reviews indeterminacy problems for the factor analysis model and their consequences for the interpretation of the results. Two types of indeterminacy are discerned: indeterminacy of the parameters in the model (the number of factors, the specific variances and the factorloadings) and the indeterminacy of the factors, given the parameters in the model. It is argued that parameter indeterminacy is partly to be overcome, provided that a strong underlying theory for the subject matter under research is present. Factor indeterminacy remains a major stumbling‐block for the interpretation of results. The Guttmancriterion is advocated as a measure of factor indetermin

ISSN:0039-0402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9574.1978.tb01398.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract The expectation of the product of an arbitrary number of quadratic forms in normally distributed variables is derive

ISSN:0039-0402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9574.1978.tb01399.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0039-0402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9574.1978.tb01400.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY