摘要:

From the earliest days of radiology the reduction of the amount of scattered radiation reaching the film has engaged the attention of both radiologists and apparatus manufacturers. The interposition of a grid between patient and film has been the device most widely used for this purpose, and much effort has been devoted to the improvement of grids both in design and manufacture. Nevertheless, despite the pleas made at intervals in the radiological literature for the introduction of a method of specifying the performance of a grid in terms of its ultimate effect upon the radiograph, it is still customary to define the grid simply in terms of its “ratio”, the number of lines to the inch, and, where appropriate, the radius. In practice differences in film quality are frequently caused by differences between grids that are nominally the same as judged by these parameters. The evidence available suggests that only a grid of exceptional quality, whose stated ratio would be about 10 : 1, would be suitable for use over the wide range of kilovoltage say, 60 to 120, now being used. Because of the difficulty in selecting such a grid a high ratio grid is frequently used for all work regardless of the kilovoltage. In most cases such grids absorb a higher proportion of the image-forming radiation than do low ratio grids.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-374-106

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Benign Lesions of the Pyloric Antrum Simulating Carcinoma(January, 1959), page 5.In the sixth line from the bottom of the right column, the work “infiltration” should read “inflation”.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-374-113

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A method of vertebral arteriography by trans-brachial artery catheterisation from the elbow using the Seldinger's technique is described. This has been used on 12 patients on 16 occasions. Six illustrative cases are quoted, two showed thrombotic lesions of the vertebral arteries. One case showed displacement of the vertebral artery by cervical osteophytes and another demonstrated supply from the right vertebral artery and the right thyrocervical trunk to a large angioma in the right side of the neck. One complication due to temporary homonymous hemianopia was encountered associated with the use of 45% Hypaque as a contrast medium. It is recommended that 35% Hypaque only is used except when the vertebral artery is shown to be small. Indications for the use of the method are discussed.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-374-114

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Screening urethrocystography under manometric control was performed on 100 adult Bantu males, normal and pathological, with the object of establishing the radiological features of the normal and pathological anatomy of the adult male urinary bladder and urethra and of studying the action of the urinary bladder and its sphincters in the mechanism of micturition. The results obtained are analysed and described and the important observations are recorded on urethrocystograms.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-374-120

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This book deals mainly with the problems which arise in the use of radioactive isotopes and the approach is rather technical. Topics such as monitoring for surface contamination, air sampling and waste disposal are discussed in detail. More than half the book is concerned with instrumentation and these chapters form the most useful part of it.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-374-131-b

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The patient whose case we describe presented us with considerable diagnostic difficulties of very practical importance, which were eventually solved by the use of bilateral percutaneous brachial artery catheterisation. The application of this method for vertebral arteriography in selected cases, reported separately, was in fact a development built on the experience gained in the investigation of this patient.A storeman, of 55 years, attended the Orthopaedic Outpatient Department of this hospital with lumbago in October, 1956. This responded satisfactorily to physiotherapy, but during an attendance in November he reported the appearance of a lump over the manubrium sterni on the right side. In 1930 he had received a severe blow in that area which had broken the skin and had required hospital attention. He had never quite lost a sense of local discomfort. After lifting heavy metal sheets one day in March, 1956, he felt severe pain at the site of the lump which appeared next day. The lump gradually decreased in size and had disappeared in two months, only to reappear in November. Examination showed a rather spare man with a smoothly outlined pulsating swelling about 2½ in. in diameter over the upper part of his sternum. His blood pressure was 220/130 and he was mildly dyspnoeic on effort. No other abnormality was to be detected. The suspicion of an aortic aneurysm was naturally the first entertained, but chest radiography and screen examination revealed no cardio-vascular or pulmonary abnormality.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-374-132

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two cases of bilateral calcification in the tendon of peroneus longus, near the peroneal bone, were recorded by Lapidus (1943). At least one of these cases was in a female patient. Miller (1949) reported a case of calcareous peritendinitis of the feet in a house painter, which he considered was an occupational lesion related to ladder climbing. No further cases have appeared in the literature to my knowledge since that time. Sandström (1938) made the following comments in his paper on peritendinitis calcarea—“In 1929, in a large amount of material from the Maria Hospital in Stockholm, I was able to demonstrate that the calcium dense shadows with which we are here concerned are found not only near the shoulder joint but not infrequently also in other parts of the body. The local symptoms of which the patients complain are identical wherever the localisation. In my opinion we deal with a diseasesui generisfor which at that time I proposed the name peritendinitis calcarea.”

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-374-134

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The cases of “osteopetrosis” described in the Journal for December, 1958, by Drs. Palmer and Thomas, are additional cases of Thomsen's disease. This condition was first described, so far as I am aware, by Thomsen and Getta-dauro (Acta. Radiol. Stockh., 1952, xxvii, 559).

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-374-135

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

On account of the variation of focal skin distance during rotation, the assessment of dosage in arc therapy treatments is complicated and time consuming. In order to facilitate calculation of the dose distribution Wheatley (1955) evolved a method whereby the separate dose contributions at any point are assessed relative to 100 r in air at the centre of rotation and it is this scheme which this paper is designed to supplement.In a previous publication the author (Mitchell, 1947) described a mechanical device based on the Meredith-Neary calculation system (1944) whereby conventional isodose charts could be obtained relatively quickly. This paper shows how the device, which incorporates sets of charts linked by adjustable nomograms, may be adapted for the purpose of arc therapy calculations.The primary contribution at any point relative to 100 r in air at the centre of rotation is given by the formula 100wherefis the focal-skin distance,Rthe radius of rotation,dthe depth in the tissue and μ the absorption coefficient corresponding to the quality of the incident beam. To simplify assessment a nomogram of the type shown in Fig. 1 was compiled. This caters for two values ofRand two qualities of radiation.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-374-136

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to achieve exact adjustment of the applicator during irradiation of the head using the technique of multiple very small circular fields we have used with success a beam directing apparatus composed of the following parts: a special cylindrical applicator and a reduced “shell” (made individually for each patient) with direction discs and centring rod.The special cylindrical applicator(Fig. 1) has an internal diameter of 40 mm and it is ended by a section of Plexiglass. The transparent wall of the end is marked with four coloured grooved lines parallel to the axis of the applicator and spaced at intervals of 90 deg.The reduced “shell”(Fig. 2). The foundation consists of two bands 20 mm wide and 4 mm thick. They are made of plastic such as is used for making surgical splints. The first band is passed round the greatest circumference of the head, over the forehead and temples to the occipital region. The second band goes from one temple over the chin to the other temple. These two foundation bands are then supplemented according to need by others which serve to hold thedirection discsin place. These discs (Fig. 3a) are made of Plexiglass. Their diameter corresponds to the outer diameter of the applicator. The upper surface of the disc is marked with a coloured circle of 40 mm in diameter which denotes the position of the inner circumference of the applicator during adjustment.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-374-138

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY