摘要:

AbstractMeasurements of scattered radiation were made on two fluoroscopic installations, one with an overcouch tube and one with an undercouch tube. The annual doses to staff involved in a fluoroscopic procedure undertaken on both types of unit were estimated using measured dose rates and weighting factors referred to in ICRP 26.Environmental monitoring at the protective barrier was performed for various room layouts to determine the effect of both equipment and room design on the annual dose received by staff at the control panel. In all circumstances the annual dose to staff inside the control cubicle was negligible.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-55-652-272

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Oak Ridge Laboratories have long been the repository of much that is known about internal dosimetry. This volume represents the proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Radiopharmaceutical Dosimetry which was held in October 1980. The papers are grouped together in the format of the conference.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-55-652-276

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe development of completely artificial, realistic body phantoms for use in radiotherapy dosimetry is hampered by the lack of suitable, definitive elemental data for many skeletal materials. Using published and measured data, the proportions of the tissue components for the important human bones considered in radiotherapy treatments have been derived. Both the tissue proportions and the resulting elementary compositions are listed in tabular form. Simple models of the heads of the humerus and femur are also given. The data are presented in a form such that average bone substitutes can be readily formulated.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-55-652-277

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe design of a microcomputer system for the reduction of mistakes in radiotherapy is described. The system covers prescription entry, prescription and treatment calculations, and verification and recording of the treatment set-up. A telecobalt unit was interfaced to the system and in the first 12 months 400 patients have been prescribed and 5000 treatment fields verified. The prescription is entered by the medical officer using an interactive program and this prescription provides the reference for verifying the treatment set-up. The program allows amendments to the prescription to be made easily during the treatment course. The treatment parameters verified are field size, wedge and treatment time. The system uses bar-codes for patient and field identification. A reduction in the number of mistakes has been achieved and future developments are discussed.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-55-652-283

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This book is a detailed account of the latest thought on the hormonal management of endocrine-related cancer but really covers much more than the title suggests. There is a whole section dealing with general aspects and fundamental processes such as steroid receptors, the mechanism of hormonallyinduced tumour regression, the production and metabolism of hormones by tumours and also prostaglandins.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-55-652-288

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe accumulation of ten metals in turpentine-induced abscesses of different ages has been studied in rats. The maximum metal concentration ratio between the abscesses and the noninflamed contralateral muscle was>1 for all the metals studied, the lowest being 2.5 for Zn, and the highest 36 for Th. The ratio remains>1 for more than 28 days for all metals except Ga. There is a marked increase of β-glucuronidase activity in the inflamed tissue which correlates well with the metal concentration. In contrast the acid phosphatase activity was reduced for the first few days after turpentine injection and never rose above the normal muscle activity. The metals showing the highest uptake in the inflamed lesion appear to be those which are transported in the blood as a transferrin complex.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-55-652-289

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe collateral pathways, known from contrast studies to take over the drainage of blood from the various parts of the body when the superior vena cava or its major tributaries are occluded because of disease, can easily be demonstrated with equal clarity (except for the vertebral plexus pathway) by radionuclides. The failure to delineate the vertebral plexus pathway is felt to lie in the close anatomical relationship between the vertebral plexus and the vertebrae, which cause attenuation of the emerging photons. Because of the existing anastomotic channels and their anatomical direction, location and distribution of the individual collateral pathways are individually identifiable. The site/level, extent, degree, and probable duration of occlusion directly affect the degree and extent of the collaterals that subsequently develop. In 20 of 49 abnormal radionuclide superior venacavograms, incidental but abnormal imaging features not ascribable to caval obstruction or syndrome were noted. These included persistent left superior vena cava, aortic aneurysm, pericardial effusion, and disparity in pulmonary perfusion.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-55-652-294

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFour men with clinical features of superior vena caval syndrome due to large substernal non-toxic multinodular goitre have undergone radionuclide superior vena caval studies. In all cases the dynamic scintigraphs showed a characteristic thyroidal configuration attributed to the definition of stretched thyroidal veins and their tributaries.Radiocontrast studies of two patients demonstrated the characteristic thyroid configuration. A radionuclide superior venacavogram taken post-thyroid lobectomy in one case showed the features had reverted to normal.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-55-652-301

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Burhenne method of removing retained bile duct stones through the T-tube track has proved successful and is now the method of choice for removing stones retained following bile duct exploration (Burhenne, 1980). This non-operative method of extraction is relatively free from morbidity and mortality (Burhenne, 1976) and the success rate for extracting retained stones is 95% (Burhenne, 1980). We wish to report a case where the Burhenne technique was unsuccessful because the T-tube track failed to develop.A 34-year-old woman who had suffered from recurrent attacks of pain in the right hypochondrium was shown at oral cholecystography to have a non-functioning gall bladder. An inflamed gall bladder and a moderately dilated common bile duct were found at subsequent cholecystectomy. The operative cholangiogram showed a single stone at the lower end of the common bile duct and this was removed.A T-tube cholangiogram performed seven days postoperatively showed three further stones in the bile duct. These were not visualized at the time of the operative cholangiogram, nor could they be seen on a review of the radiographs. Attempts were made to flush the stones through the ampulla by irrigating the bile ducts with saline, but only one passed.The patient was re-admitted six weeks later for extraction of the remaining stones by the Burhenne technique.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-55-652-303

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The removal of retained calculi from the biliary system using a steerable catheter and stone basket passed along an established T-tube track is now a well-documented technique (Burhenne, 1973; Mason, 1980). The method is extremely safe and has a success rate of up to 96% (Burhenne, 1973), the failures that do occur being due to operator inexperience, poor case selection, very large or inaccessible calculi, a tortuous T-tube track, or the presence of a biliary stricture. We describe a case in which a preliminary percutaneous choledochoplasty permitted the removal of a biliary calculus from a strictured common duct.A 74-year-old man was found to have one stone remaining in the common bile duct following cholecystectomy for calculus disease. Six weeks after the initial procedure a contrast study showed the stone to be lodged at the end of the common bile duct below a stricture (Fig. 1a). Percutaneous removal of the stone via the T-tube track was attempted, but it proved impossible to manipulate the stone past the stricture. To overcome this problem a fine balloon catheter (Swan-Ganz; 5FG) was passed through the stenosis and the balloon inflated with contrast medium under fluoroscopic control to distend the narrowed segment. This catheter was used because the stricture was too narrow to permit the passage of a conventional transluminal angioplasty catheter.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-55-652-304

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY