摘要:

Mr. Chairman, Members of the Institute, Ladies and Gentlemen:I appreciate the honour you have given me in asking me to be one of the Sir James Mackenzie Davidson Memorial Lecturers. I am mindful of the fact that many distinguished men have given these Lectures in the past. Therefore I am conscious of the responsibility you have placed on me and hope that I will not fail you. Sir James Mackenzie Davidson was one of the greatest pioneers in radiology. Immediately after the discovery of X rays in 1896 he saw their immense possibilities in medicine and visited Röntgen in the same year. During his life he made numerous contributions in this field, particularly in instrumentation and in methods of localisation. His many important pieces of work were possible because, in addition to his training in ophthalmology and radiology, he possessed a knowledge of physics and mathematics. The laboratory in which I work is founded on the belief that physics, chemistry and mathematics more than ever have much to offer in medical research, diagnosis and treatment, and in our laboratory more and more of the younger men are gaining fundamental training in these sciences in addition to their medical training.My last trip to England was in 1939 to attend the British Association meeting in Dundee.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-21-251-531

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This rather concise book by one of Berg's collaborators surveys and brings up-to-date the views of the Berg school as they have developed since Berg's original study published in 1931. It is by no means a mere outline, nor a book for the beginner, in spite of its modest title.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-21-251-543

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

With the exceptions of Dauviller's work (1930) and experiments by Flower (1948), the possibilities of employing radiological methods in botanical fields have been little explored. Both of these workers succeeded in making radiographs of flowers by using very much softer X rays than are available from a normal X-ray tube. Flower, in conjunction with H. C. Mayle, used Grenz rays for his later beautiful work. So far as we are aware, this work was never followed up, nor was any attempt made to obtain finer detail. With the development of micro-arteriography (Barclay, 1947), techniques have been evolved whereby radiographs of specimens may be enlarged by many hundreds of diameters. Such techniques are by no means limited to medical and zoological fields, and this short note is an indication of one of these applications to the realm of botany.Using the technique applied in microarteriography, a leaflet of a climbingMermaidrose was radiographed, and upon subsequent magnification under the microscope it showed that either in or closely related to the veins were large numbers of “spots” (Fig. 1); for want of a more scientific description, we shall use this simple word. These bodies clearly possessed a much higher atomic weight than that of the leaf structure, for the densities of shadows cast by substances are roughly in direct proportion to the atomic numbers of the elements of which those substances are composed.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-21-251-544

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The application of the radioactive tracer method to the diagnosis of intrathoracic goitre has been investigated using radioactive iodine and detecting its γ rays by the “in vivo” technique. A special apparatus was constructed which makes it possible to map out the area in which the radioactive material is contained. A case of intrathoracic goitre is described in which this technique has been used successfully.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-21-251-552

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Dr. James F. Brailsford is at present on a lecture tour of the U.S.A.Amongst a long list of important cities and towns at which Dr. Brailsford has been invited to address meetings are New York, Washington, Chicago and San Franciso. His visit to the latter place will be in December at the time of the holding of the Annual Congress.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-21-251-558

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

1. Radiosensitivity of tumour tissue is not linked with its radiocurability.2. The preponderance of short-lived undifferentiated cells and thus the degree of anaplasia determines the degree of radiosensitivity of tumours, as measured by the rate of tumour shrinkage.3. The radiocurability of tumours—measured by the five-year symptom-free rate—varies with the degree of differentiation of the tissue and inversely with the growth-coefficient and the tendency to metastatic spread.4. The reduction of radiocurability of tumours by lymphnode involvement is due to the biological character of such tumours rather than to differences in response of tumour tissue at primary and secondary sites.5. The capacity for increased differentiation under radiation distinguishes most of the radiocurable tumours.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-21-251-559

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mitotic and degenerate cell counts were made on the eye and brain of frog tadpoles exposed to three different doses of α rays and the results compared with those already known for a small dose of γ rays. Whereas with the lowest α-ray dose the relation between mitosis and degeneration does not differ from that which would be expected to follow a relatively small dose of radiation, after the two larger α-ray doses degeneration far exceeds this amount. It would seem that α rays cause the degeneration of potential dividing cells in considerable numbers.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-21-251-567

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

(1) A case of bilateral symmetrical vertical fractures of the patellæ due to indirect violence is presented.(2) The differential diagnosis from bilateral bipartite patella and from traumatic separation of the latter is discussed.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-21-251-571

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

When one considers how much of radiological literature has been devoted to bone tumours—a comparatively rare disease—it is surprising to realise how very little has been written on the sinuses and the petro-mastoid, where disease is very common, causing a very considerable amount of ill health, impaired function and serious illness.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-21-251-574

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Reports of the radiographic demonstration of ascaris infestation have appeared in American and Continental literature, but seldom in British journals.Roundworms may be demonstrated by serial radiographs of the abdomen at half-hourly intervals after ingestion of the opaque meal. The presence of the parasites may be discovered during a routine examination to exclude other affections of the alimentary tract. In certain cases ova are absent from the stools and in these the barium meal is the only method of immediate diagnosis.The radiological signs are (1) sharply defined band-shaped filling defects; (2) linear shadows due to adherence of barium to the exterior of the worm; (3) thread-like shadows caused by the presence of barium in the enteric canals of the worms; and (4) evidence of disordered motility of the bowel.A case is reported in which the worms were shown at two barium follow-through examinations, and all the above signs were demonstrated.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-21-251-575

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY