摘要:

“And strangely visited people—all swollen and ulcerous, the very despair of surgery, he cures.” So said Shakespeare of Lady Macbeth's doctor. But in Hamlet he also uttered a prayer which we as radiotherapists must have prayed many a time—“Oh that this too solid flesh would melt”. When I see in my mind' eye and remember that tragic procession of women, young, middle aged and elderly, whom I have seen during the past 20 years— they are indeed the very despair of surgery. But I preferred not to use this for a title for this address, for it might have implied more than I have in mind. Shakespeare has some other words, words which Sir Ernest Kennaway called to my attention and which, he points out, the poet with a subtle purpose, perhaps, puts into the mouth of a clown. They are inTwelfth Night; the clown looking up at the darkened house mutters under his breath that it is dark—all dark—but “the only darkness is ignorance”.I am conscious that this is an address and not reading a paper or a lecture. I have chosen as my subject the role of radiotherapy and surgery in the treatment of primary breast cancer because I want to present to you some ideas and some thoughts which worry me.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-30-358-505

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Diagnostic pneumoperitoneum has been little used in British radiology. Provided a highly diffusible gas such as carbon dioxide is used for creating the pneumoperitoneum, the method is safe and causes no more than transitory discomfort to the patient. Its use resolves a number of diagnostic problems and it deserves to be more widely used than at present.Practical details of this diagnostic method are given and various normal and abnormal appearances are described, with illustrative examples.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-30-358-516

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This month marks the Centenary of the birth of Dr. John Macintyre, one of the pioneers of Radiology in Scotland. Mr. John Scott, in his Presidential Address to the Society of Radiographers (published inRadiography, March, 1951), gave an account of his life and work under the title “The Birth of Radiology in Scotland”.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-30-358-523-b

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

After surveying the broad nature of the problem of relative biological efficiency, an account is given of methods which have been used to characterise the quality of ionizing radiations. These former methods have ignored the phenomenon of secondary or δ-track formation and reference is made to treatments which take this factor into account. The concept of “local” energy losses is defined, and tables are given for various radiations, showing the amounts of “local' energy dissipated in water with respect to particle kinetic energy range. The radiations considered are 1 MeV and210Po α particles, tritium β particles, 1 and 2 MeV monochromatic electrons, 25 MVp, 220 and 100 kVp X rays and60Co γ rays. The special problem of the L.E.T. of electrons of less than 2 keV is considered and new values are derived from recently published experimental results. A mean L.E.T. is defined and calculated; its limitations are emphasised.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-30-358-524

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Books received are acknowledged under this heading and such notice may be regarded as an acknowledgment of the courtesy of the sender.Reviews will be published in the interest of our readers and as space permits.Bronchiectasis. By Carl Einer Gudbjerg (Acta Radiologica Supplement No. 143).

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-30-358-529

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using Dionosil Oily (Glaxo) as contrast medium, a series of investigations have been carried out to observe its behaviour in the bronchial tree.Coughing is shown to empty the trachea, main and medium sized bronchi within 15 minutes. Increased inspiratory effort, particularly that which normally precedes the expulsive phase of coughing, is the main cause for contrast medium arriving at and remaining in the distal bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. The influence of gravity, posture, ciliary and smooth muscle activity is described with coughing suppressed and encouraged.Quantitative estimations of the amount of propyliodone recovered in the sputum and its concentration in the urine are recorded.In order to help in the recovery of the contrast medium controlled post-bronchographic postural coughing for a period of about ten minutes is advocated.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-30-358-530

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Attendance at any part of the Congress, other than the Memorial Lecture, will be restricted to those who have applied for registration as a Member of the Annual Congress. The fee for such regitration is 15s. for Members of the Institute and 21s. for non-members.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-30-358-536-b

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The British Institute of Radiology Annual Congress and Exhibition, November 27–29, 1957 in the Horticultural Halls and Napier Hall, Westminster, London, S.W.1.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-30-358-537

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An account is given of a new and simplified approach to the problem of isodose distributions in60Co rotation therapy. The method described facilitates rapid calculation of dose distributions in any rotation technique, and the isodoses so obtained are, in general, applicable to a large number of cases. Some attempt has been made to estimate the errors involved when the method is used.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-30-358-538

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The influence of inhomogeneities, particularly in the thoracic cavity, on the dose and its distribution with high energy (60Co γ rays) is considered. The use of transit dose measurements for correcting dosage is described and the results of measurements in heterogeneous media are presented and applied to the problem, with particular reference to scattered radiation. The energy absorbed (rads) and its distribution may readily be assessed for stationary fields, as well as for partial and complete rotation therapy.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-30-358-543

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY