摘要:

The science of making X-ray images is 96 years old this year, old enough to have a respectable history behind it. Who is writing this history? The centenary approaches and all manner of books and articles will appear. Many will be written by journalists with little or no first hand knowledge of the subject. In the absence of information from us, professional radiologists, radiographers and medical physicists, all manner of nonsense will be written. And our permission will not be requested first.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-64-758-B17

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUsing echo-planar (EP) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow patterns have been demonstrated in the normal subject and patients with pathological conditions including communicating hydrocephalus, aqueduct stenosis and syringohydromyelia. Snap-shot imaging times of 128 ms allow detailed demonstration of transient intraventricular CSF flow patterns, which is not possible with conventional MRI. The potential of EPI as a method for qualitative and quantitative assessment of CSF dynamics is illustrated.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-64-758-89

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo determine the incidence and significance of fetal choroid plexus cysts, a prospective study was carried out at Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham. The incidence of cysts was found to be 0.42% and the size of cysts varied from 3 to 13 mm with a mean diameter of 6.2 mm. Choroid plexus cysts were associated with other fetal abnormalities in three cases, two of which were subsequently found to have a chromosomal abnormality, one Trisomy 18 and one Trisomy 21. A review of the reported cases of choroid plexus cysts reveals an overall incidence of 5.8% for Trisomy 18. We therefore recommend that in patients with choroid plexus cysts a detailed scan should be carried out to look for the ultrasound markers of Trisomy 18. If there is an associated abnormality or cysts are large (13 mm or greater in diameter) and bilateral then a karyotyping should be carried out.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-64-758-98

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe objective of this study was to review and analyse the chest radiograph (CXR) appearances seen following high dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT), and to identify any characteristic patterns. Thirty-one patients underwent ABMT between 1984 and 1989 for high grade lymphoma resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Their case notes and CXRs were reviewed in conjunction with the clinicians. In this small sample of patients, an acute interstitial pattern was seen with pulmonary oedema following bone marrow reinfusion in two cases of the 13 patients showing CXR changes (15%). Otherwise, the CXR changes following ABMT were not specific, although they did alert the clinician to the possibilities of recurrent lymphoma or opportunistic infection, enabling appropriate investigations and treatment to be instituted at an early stage. The complications and CXR changes did not differ greatly from those seen following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-64-758-103

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA propspective study to assess the accuracy of ultrasound in the detection and localization of foreign bodies of the extremities was undertaken. Forty-five patients with clinical suspicion of foreign bodies were included in the study. Among 20 patients with radio-opaque foreign bodies, ultrasonic detection of foreign bodies was achieved in 19 patients. In 25 patients, with no radiographic evidence of foreign body, ultrasonic detection of foreign bodies was made in seven patients and among these foreign bodies were confirmed and removed at surgery in five patients. Accurate pre-operative ultrasonic localization of foreign bodies was carried out in three patients.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-64-758-107

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe consecutive double contrast barium meal examinations of 100 elderly patients (aged over 65 years) and a group of 33 younger adult patients were analysed by two observers for technical quality and pathological abnormalities. Technical quality declined with patient age, especially in those over 75 years, but was sufficient to enable diagnosis of abnormalities in 60% of the elderly group. It is concluded that, in the majority of elderly patients, the technical quality of double contrast barium meal examinations is sufficiently high to offer considerable diagnostic utility.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-64-758-113

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA new mammography phantom from Du Pont is described. It has a wider range of types of detail than in previous phantoms, including some which closely simulate breast tissues. Experience of its use, and comparisons with an earlier (“Barts”) phantom, are reported. The Du Pont phantom appears to have greater sensitivity to changes in tube kV and focal spot size, and better discrimination between different film–screen combinations and between films from different breast screening centres.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-64-758-116

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRegression slopes fitted in 238 new cases of primary breast cancer submitted to a variety of managements are analysed. Contrary to the original hypothesis that slopes would primarily reflect the composition of the tumours, the steepness of resorption slopes is found also to be treatment dependent. Investigation of other factors influencing slopes is confined to radiotherapy where the expectation that the prescribed dose will be delivered is high. A large cumulative radiation effect before the start of shrinkage is associated with steeper slopes. A small correlation between slope and both menopausal status and starting diameter has been found, with premenopausal patients and small tumours producing the steepest slopes. The full range of slopes has been seen in postmenopausal patients. The data has been fitted to a linear model to evaluate the relative importance of these associations. Illustrative cases support the hypothesis that resorption slopes are a product of tumour architecture and histology but we conclude that the maximum possible steepness of slope is not always achieved in the clinic, even when radiation is used. A combination of histological and regression data is therefore required to characterize a tumour for predictive purposes.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-64-758-121

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIntracavitary brachytherapy at low dose rate (LDR), often with the addition of external-beam radiotherapy, has long been considered the treatment of choice for carcinoma of the cervix, maximizing acute damage in the treatment volume, whilst minimizing late effects. In recent years, primarily for reasons of convenience and cost, there has been a move towards treatments involving a few fractions at high dose rate (HDR). Using data from cells of human origin culturedin vitro, we make estimates of the doses that, delivered in 2–12 HDR fractions, produce tumour control and early effects equivalent to intracavitary treatments at LDR. We also show that, for situations where the normal-tissue dose responsible for late effects is significantly smaller than the tumour dose, HDR schemes may be devised which, while yielding early killing comparable with that of LDR, should not result in worse late effects. We suggest that this scenario probably applies to treatment of carcinoma of the cervix.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-64-758-133

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough the difference in sensitivity to the changes in dose fraction size between early-responding and late-responding tissues is well established, the underlying mechanisms in terms of target-cell responses are not yet clearly identified for any tissue. The radiosensitivity of mouse kidney cells afterin situsingle-dose, 2, 8, and 16 fraction X-irradiations was measured in primary culture using a clonogenic assay. The assay was made 12 h after single doses or 12 h after the last dose of the multifraction regimens. When analysed using the linear-quadratic model, as predicted the individual α components for all the different fractionation schedules were not significantly different, and the changes in the β values were consistent with those expected on the basis of the reciprocal fraction numbers. When all four data sets were integrated to derive a common α/β ratio, the result was 4.4 ± 1.3 (1SE) Gy, or 2.8 ± 0.9 Gy (a better fit) if the single-dose data set was excluded. These values fall into the range reported for kidney using assays of tissue function at long times after irradiation. Hence, it has been shown for the first time that the fractionation sensitivity of a late-responding organ is mimicked by that of a clonogenic cell population in that organ. The evidence also suggests that the time available prior to fixation of potentially lethal damage does not influence the low α/β ratio observed for the kidney.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-64-758-142

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY