摘要:

The findings in the chest radiographs of 66 patients suffering from malignant trophoblastic disease are reviewed. Pulmonary changes are due to embolic phenomena which may cause secondary deposits, pulmonary infarction, and cor pulmonale. Metastases may be simple or multiple, discrete or ill-defined, evolving or regressing. In young women of child-bearing age the possibility of M.T.D. should be considered in the interpretation of unusual chest radiographs.Cases of acute pulmonary hypertension are described in this series; none of these patients developed chronic pulmonary hypertension.Diagnostic curettage is dangerous and is to be avoided.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-38-447-161

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Burkitt's tumour is a specific clinical and pathological entity occurring in Tropical Africa. The radiological findings in this disease are described based on a review of 166 patients seen in Ibadan. The condition is multifocal when first seen. Deposits occur in the bones and certain viscera, but the lungs are not implicated. The typical features are described. Emphasis is placed on the loss of the lamina dura of the teeth as an aid to early diagnosis.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-38-447-172

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

1. Radiological signs are present in the majority of cases of tropical sprue of both endemic and epidemic forms.2. In a series of 32 cases, the radiological signs of increased jejunal calibre, slow jejunal transit time, thickness of transverse mucosal folds, and flocculation of “non-flocculating” media show little correlation with haemoglobin levels, vitamin B12, folic acid, xylose and fat absorption, or with jejunal biopsy findings.3. In one case where there was a radiological appearance of thickened mucosal folds in the jejunum, post-mortem showed marked oedema of the submucosa including the primary mucosal folds.4. The exclusion, by radiological methods, of minimal strictures and other lesions of the ileum that might cause malabsorption is a slow and tedious procedure. The time taken cannot be shortened by any known means, but the quality of radiographs of the ileum can be improved by use of special barium suspensions and by preliminary “cleansing” agents. By means of cinefluorographic methods more adequate records can be obtained with minimal radiation hazard.5. Absence of propulsive peristaltic movements in the jejunum is a feature of sprue. In three cases parasympathomimetic drugs restored only contractile movements but did not restore propulsive movements.6. Further studies of the phenomena of flocculation of barium suspension in the gut and of the action of various drugs on the neuromuscular mechanisms of the jejunum may lead to greater understanding of the pathological physiology of sprue.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-38-447-181

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This comprehensive account of mammography is largely based on Dr. Egan's work at the M. D. Anderson Tumour Institute, University of Texas, from 1956 to 1962, when 3,821 mammograms were performed.From this unique experience, the value of mammography in the diagnosis of pathological changes, notably malignancy, is assessed.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-38-447-191

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The pathology, clinical features, radiology and angiocardiographic findings in right- and left-sided endomyocardial fibrosis are described.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-38-447-192

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The complications of aortography and angiocardiography are reviewed. In these procedures there is a small but unavoidable risk to the patient. It is essential that there be critical clinical selection of patients for these investigations. The ultimate criterion should be that of possible benefit to the individual patient and not that of academic diagnostic exercise.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-38-447-201

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

1. The vascular supply of the uterine cervix is described, and examples of the appearance of the terminal vessels of the squamous epithelium are presented.2. A short survey of earlier investigations of the vascular bed in carcinoma of the cervix is given.3. The vascular patterns as observed in pre-invasive, early invasive, and frankly invasive carcinomas of the cervix are defined and illustrated by some typical photographs.4. Material comprising 671 selected biopsies and 335 composite colpophotographs of patients with: benign lesions (27), dysplasia (45), carcinomain situ(95), early invasive carcinomas (20), and invasive carcinoma of the cervix (148), is presented. On the basis of this material, the development of the vascular bed in cancer of the cervix is discussed.5. A definite relationship between the intercapillary distance and the histological appearance of the lesion was observed.6. The importance of the vascular bed for the nutrition and oxygenation of the cancerous tissue is emphasised.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-38-447-216

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The next meeting of medical members of the Diagnosis and Therapy Sections will be held at the General Infirmary, Leeds, on Saturday, March 27, 1965. Medical physicists are invited to attend.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-38-447-223

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The most obvious, if not the only route, by which a chemical substance can be carried to a tumour, is, of course, by its vascular supply. Preliminary investigation using a timed intra-arterial injection method appeared to show good and uniform distribution of the dye, patent blue violet, throughout widely scattered malignant melanomata. This even penetration of dye stuff to cutaneous aspects of the tumour was at variance with the observation of erratic regression of disease which sometimes follows chemotherapy not only in patients with essentially similar tumours but even where adjacent tumour nodules in the same region respond in a markedly different manner. One explanation for this could be the varying degrees of access of the therapeutic agent to different parts of the tumour by reason of inequality of blood supply.Conventional arteriography cannot give an entirely accurate picture of tumour blood supply for technical reasons. In the first place, the contrast medium is usually injected rapidly and with considerable force—a state of affairs which does not apply physiologically, and secondly, the contrast medium is rather viscous and heavy. Only the vessels themselves can be shown by this method and even then, there is a limit to the smallest calibre which can be demonstrated. The distribution of the blood within the tumour is not visualised and it is here that dye and fluorescent studies give much fuller and more helpful information.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-38-447-224

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Histological grading, based on the degree of tumour differentiation and mitotic activity, is used to try and classify patients with cancer according to the potential malignancy and likely rate of progress of their tumours.The value of grading may be considered for cancer at sites where a detailed system of clinical staging is wellestablished (e.g.breast, cervix, bladder, larynx); where there is a limited method of staging based on whether the regional lymph nodes are involved or not (e.g.oral cavity, vulva, penis, skin, thyroid); where staging depends largely upon operative findings (e.g.kidney, ovary, endometrium, rectum), and in sites where no system of staging has been developed (e.g.bone, brain, soft tissues).In some sites, where information is lacking regarding histological tumour grade in relation to radiotherapy, it has been necessary to draw on the results of surgery and of combined treatments in order to draw attention to the possible value of grading in radiotherapy studies.A more accurate assessment of results of treatment in, for example, cancer of the breast, cervix, oral cavity, kidney, endometrium and rectum can be achieved by classifying patients according to both tumour stage and grade than by either factor alone. Grade of bladder cancer, although itself related to survival, failed to give additional information concerning prognosis in cases already grouped by stage.In patients with tumours of bone, soft tissue sarcoma and brain gliomas grading is indispensable for classification and prognosis. This was illustrated by survival rates in osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and giant cell tumour, in soft tissue fibrosarcoma, and in cerebral astrocytoma and ependymoma.Certain histological features such as round cell infiltration of the tumour and sinus histiocytosis in the regional lymph nodes may represent host resistance factors, and the degree to which they are present may, in some cases, modify the prognosis based on tumour grade alone.By ignoring histological grade and classifying cancer cases by stage alone heterogeneous groups of patients may be produced in which a true comparison of treatment results is often not possible. The wider use of grading is likely to lead, in many instances, to a more accurate evaluation of treatment, such as ancillary irradiation in operable cancer of the breast, and radical surgeryversusirradiation for early carcinoma of the cervix.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-38-447-227

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY