摘要:

A new caesium 137 beam unit head designed by personnel of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority is described together with modifications to the original control circuit. The activity of the source at installation was 1050 curies, giving a dose-rate in air with a 7 × 7 cm field of 21·8 r/minute at 45 cm from the source (March, 1958). Physical measurements reported include an assessment of the room and head protection, H.V.L.'s, ionization build-up, back-scatter, variation of dose-rate with field size and central axis percentage depth doses. Measured isodose curves are being made available through the Diagrams and Data scheme of the Hospital Physicists' Association.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-376-215

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A caesium 137 unit containing 1300 curies in a source of diameter 1 1⅙ in. has been described. The unit gives rectangular fields from 5 × 5 to 20 × 20 cm at 35 cm. The absorbed dose-rate on the skin from the unit varies from 38 to 40 rads/minute as the field size is varied from 4 × 4 to 20 × 20 cm. The isodose distributions are similar to those produced from a 400 kV machine for large fields. For small fields, the caesium gives a higher depth dose. The unit appears to be a useful radiotherapeutic tool.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-376-224

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One hundred patients with cirrhosis of the liver or extrahepatic portal vein obstruction were studied with a view to determine the best technique necessary to demonstrate oesophageal varices. The accuracy of the examination was compared with spleno-portal venograms on the same patients. It was found that a barium swallow was an accurate method of demonstrating oesophageal varices but that both barium swallow and spleno-portal venograms are essential in a patient in whom surgery is contemplated.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-376-233

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A case of suggested hyperplasia of Brunner's glands is presented with a discussion of the main differential points in the diagnosis of this condition.The importance of the anatomical site of the lesions is stressed, hyperplasia of Brunner's glands being localised in the first and second parts of the duodenum.The significance of the presence or absence of gastric acidity is discussed, hyperplasia of Brunner's glands being associated with an increased acidity as opposed to duodenal polyposis which is invariably associated with an achlorhydria.The essentially benign nature of the condition is stressed.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-376-241

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three experiments were undertaken in an effort to repeat the spatial conditioned avoidance reported by Garciaet al.(1957). No evidence of conditioned avoidance to stimuli present during radiation exposure was observed. It is concluded that spacial avoidance in the rat, if it does result from exposure to radiation, is confined to such a narrow range of conditions as to render it unimportant for practical consideration.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-376-244

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

1. A radiological classification of disorders of the bile ducts is suggested.2. The value of intravenous cholecyst-cholangiography in detecting pre-operatively congenital anomalies of the bile duct is stressed.3. The investigation of injuries of the ducts, and external and internal biliary fistulae, is considered.4. The radiological features and certain characteristic signs of adhesions around the bile duct are examined in detail, and their relationship to symptoms is discussed.5. Choledocholithiasis is discussed. Two radiological signs are described: “the wooden club” sign and the “crescent” sign.6. The problem of the dilated bile duct—choledochectasis—is analysed. We have found a large number of cases of choledochectasis who were either symptomless or whose symptoms were due to other causes than choledochopathy. The author subdivides choledochectasis into obstructive and non-obstructive types. Their various features and differences are discussed and a method for the management of the investigations of such patients is suggested.7. The cystic duct stump, its pathological states and radiological appearances are described.8. The entity of biliary dyskinesia is briefly discussed.9. A plea is made to abandon the use of the term “postcholecystectomy syndrome” and substitute the term choledochopathy whenever one suspects pathology of the biliary passages either in the cholecystectomised or the noncholecystectomised patient.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-376-247

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

On March 16, 1958, Åke Åkerlund, Professor of Radiology in Stockholm, expired at the age of 71.The name of Åke Åkerlund is primarily connected with the roentgenographic diagnosis of duodenal ulcer, the detailed examination of gall bladder, pathophysiologic problems of gall stones and the classification of hiatus hernia.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-376-254

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A photographic film method of investigating the variation of absorbed dose near an air-tissue interface is described, which involves the use of a microdensitometer. The corrections necessary to allow for the effect of direct photon absorption in the film are discussed. Application of the method to a situation in which the angle of incidence of the X-ray beam varies from 0 to 180 deg. shows that at 2MV the 80 per cent depth varies from 0·15 to 1·1 mm below the surface. It is suggested that this allows adequate treatment of superficial tissue, while retaining some degree of skin saving even when the angle of incidence to the normal is 90 deg.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-376-255

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

1. The influence of X rays on the radioiodine trapping function was studied in 20 patients.2. X-ray doses up to 3,500 r in 32 days did not influence the iodide plasma clearance rate. The S/P radioiodine concentration ratio was elevated and the saliva flow rate diminished.3. The observed effects seem to be related to the reduction of the amount of fluid secreted by parotid cells or parts of cells, not concerned with iodide secretion.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-376-259

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Radioisotope Techniques in Clinical Research and Diagnosis. By N. Veall and H. Vetter (Butterworth Scientific Publications, London).Hot Laboratory Equipment. By L. G. Strong (U.S. Atomic Energy Commission publication).Surface and Radiological Anatomy. By W. J. Hamilton and G. Simon (Heffer, Cambridge).Experimental Studies on Radioactive Zinc in the Male Reproductive Organs of the Rat. By B. Wetterdal (Acta Radiologica Supplement No. 156).

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-32-376-262

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY