摘要:

The scantiness of reports by British workers on the results of radium in the treatment of leukæmia has prompted a review of sixteen cases so treated at the General Hospital, Birmingham. Two of these patients were suffering from chronic lymphatic and the remainder from chronic myeloid leukæmia. The radium has been applied in large doses to the splenic area, patients attending for a course of treatment usually once each year. By this means treatment is easily administered, and produces satisfactory results both on the general condition of the patient and on his blood picture. It is not claimed that radium provides a greater expectation of life than X-irradiation, but from the results obtained it is argued that the treatment, being less frequent, is preferred by the patients, that unpleasant and dangerous reactions are both less severe and less constant, and that this form of therapy is quite as effective in the relief of symptoms of X-irradiation. The action of radium on the blood picture is discussed and, like X rays, is shown to influence the immature pathological leucocytes to a greater degree than the more normal white cells, whilst anæmia is relieved. The presence of severe anæmia or of a large number of nucleated red cells is a bad prognostic sign. No cases resistant to treatment have been found, and treatment by radium appears to hold a number of advantages over treatment by X rays.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-10-116-573

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The feature of the eighth edition of this well-known book is the important revision of the text, which has been carried out by Dr. Kaye.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-10-116-599

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The general acceptance of an agreed system of dosimetry would be a matter of some importance to the progress of radiology. All material change brought about by radiation may be correlated with the radiational energy actually absorbed, so that from the physical standpoint the most natural unit of dosage is the absolute increase of energy per unit volume (ergs/c.c.) of the absorbing medium immediately consequent upon irradiation.†On account, both of the many ways in which heat is quickly transferred from place to place in tissues, and of the continual flux of energy associated with metabolic changes, it is almost inconceivable that it should at any time be possible to measure this increase of energy directly by the rise in temperature of the volume element of tissues under irradiation. Resort may be had to the “phantom,” composed of a tissue-like substance. It is, in principle, possible to measure directly the rate at which energy is being absorbed at any point in such a phantom by calorimetric methods. Stahel1and his collaborators have carefully explored the possibility of this method, but it has not generally commended itself, principally because of the extreme difficulty of the microcalorimetric technique.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-10-116-600

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A Woman, aged 24, was admitted to this hospital some seven years ago complaining of epileptic fits nocturnally, and was kept under observation and was given Luminal in small doses. She was discharged temporarily free from epilepsy, and it was noted that the head was a peculiar shape, and the limbs were stunted. In 1935 she was again admitted as an epileptic, with a discharging sinus on the face, and X ray showed an unerupted, infected molar, and a similar condition in the front teeth of the lower jaw.She was removed from hospital by her relatives shortly after the abscess had been opened, but was re-admitted with a chronic sinus, and on this occasion opportunity was taken to X ray more extensively, and it was found that the skeletal deformities associated with cleidocranial dysostosis were present in a very marked degree.It will be seen from the reproductions that there is a normal degree of density of the bones, but very incomplete development. The sutures are gaping widely, and although the margins are well developed and show the normal serrations, in no part is there any attempt at fusion. The vertex is large (Fig. 1) compared to the base and maxillæ, and gives the skull a hydrocephalic appearance (Fig. 2). In both upper and lower jaws several unerupted milk and supernumary teeth are present.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-10-116-613

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Investigation undertaken to find out if Loeb's work on the effect of ovarian hormones on the development of cancer of the breast in female mice, of a strain with high cancer incidence, could be related to cancer of the breast in women.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-10-116-618-a

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The experiments detailed in this paper were begun in December 1935, and deal with the after-effects of γ radiation on young rats, particularly with reference to their breeding capacity, as it is well known that the generative system is particularly sensitive to radiation, and may be profoundly affected by moderate exposure to γ rays, leading to permanent sterility. It was decided to find out how much continuous γ radiation young rats would tolerate without any obvious effect on their of growth and subsequent fertility. Nearly 150 young rats, all of the same breed, about six to ten weeks old, varying in weight from 50 to 100 grammes, were set aside for this experiment.The radium (148 mgm. of element in platinum tubes—the thickness of these ranged from 0·3 to 2·0 mm.) was packed into a brass box 2 mm. thick and 6·2 cm. square; this was fitted and sealed into a bracket surrounded by 2·5 cm. of lead, which screened the radium in such a fashion that, though the cone of radiation was large enough to reach well beyond the cages of the experimental rats, the rest of the rats in the animal house were effectively screened. This contrivance was fixed 50 cm. above the top shelf (A) on which two cages of rats (one holding males and the other females) were kept. On the next shelf (B) at 107 cm. from the radium source there were two more cages of rats.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-10-116-619

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

On a superficial examination of this book one is impressed by the number of very good radiographic illustrations it contains.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-10-116-629

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In continuously evacuated dismountable X-ray tubes the cathode filament is usually renewed by removing the filament conductor assembly from the tube and replacing the filament holder with a spare holder in which a new filament has already been mounted. This necessitates the breaking of the vacuum and subsequent re-evacuation of the X-ray tube, a process which may take an hour or so to complete in the case of the 200–250 K.V. tubes used for deep X-ray therapy.Very large continuously evacuated X-ray tubes such as, for example, the 1,000 K.V. tube installed in the Mozelle Sassoon High Voltage X-ray Therapy Department at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, in London, are not so easily re-filamented as the smaller tubes, first because of the greater difficulty in removing the filament conductor assembly from the tube and secondly because of the longer time taken to break the vacuum and afterwards re-evacuate the tube.In order to reduce, as far as possible, the number of occasions on which the large X-ray tube would be out of service due to filament failure, a device has been evolved whereby it is possible to bring a new filament into position within a few minutes of a filament failure, by simply turning a knob on the endplate at the cathode end of the tube.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-10-116-630

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

1. In X-ray therapy (and also radium therapy) of malignant tumours, the following five principles are fundamental:—(a) Irradiation therapy is local therapy, therefore, in principle not different from surgical therapy.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-10-116-635-a

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Hon. Editors beg to acknowledge receipt of the following:—Acta Physica Polonica, Vol. vi, Fasc. 1, 2.American Journal of Cancer, June 1937.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-10-116-636

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY