摘要:

AbstractThe cardiovascular malalignments can be analysed with diagrammatic symbols that identify the separate cardiovascular components and show their situs and the position of the heart. Geometric figures resembling each part are assigned to the following six regions: aortic arch, pulmonary artery-aortic, trunco-conal, ventricular, atrial and abdomino-visceral. For example, the right ventricle is represented by a triangle, the left by an ellipse, and situs is shown by their right-to-left relationship. A right-angled triangle with a left-sided hypotenuse indicates laevocardia and a right-sided hypotenuse dextrocardia. An isosceles triangle indicates mesocardia.Cardell's (1956) theory that inversion can occur independently in the different regions is modified by the limitation that trunco-conalsitus inversuscannot occur with ventricularsitus solitusandvice-versa. Subject to this limitation the cardiovascular malalignments are simply combinations of varieties of situs and position in each region. Any alignment can be described by the six letters S, U and I, and L, M and D (where these stand forsitus solitus, indeterminatusandinversus, and for laevo-, meso- and dextrocardia respectively) when the region to which a letter refers is shown by its relationship to the ventricles, which are identified by the letters L, M or D. Thus, for example, a normal alignment would be SSS, SL, SS, a right aortic arch with a simple dextrocardia would be ISS, SD, SS and completesitus inversuswould be III, ID, II. The cardiovascular malalignments, including the transposition complexes, are defined in these terms.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-42-502-721

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA simple method of evaluating the suitability of X-ray apparatus for coronary arteriography, which was devised to develop a technique using 70 mm film and videotape is described. Selected coronary arteriograms obtained by this method are presented.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-42-502-736

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This is a short monograph of 47 pages in which the author, a radiotherapist, outlines the development of our present knowledge—or ignorance (!;)—of Hodgkin's disease and related malignant lymphomas. A great deal of useful if general information is compressed into this slender volume, which includes a short subject index and some three pages of references.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-42-502-743-a

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOesophageal and gastric fundal varices can be demonstrated by barium examination in over 50 per cent of cases with portal hypertension. It is not generally recognised that varices may occur also in the duodenal bulb, pyloric antrum and in other parts of the alimentary tract.The author reports 18 cases of portal hypertension shown to have oesophageal varices who had lobulated filling defects of the duodenal bulb. In some, linear filling defects of the pyloric antrum were also found. In three, these defects were shown by spleno-portography to be caused by dilated portal venous radicles and evidence is presented to suggest a similar cause in the remaining cases. Varices in this situation are due to anastomoses between branches of the superior mesenteric vein and retro-peritoneal veins.The differential diagnosis and significance of duodenal and antral varices is discussed.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-42-502-744

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe literature relating to involvement of the hand in Paget's disease is reviewed.Eleven patients in whom 18 hands (38 bones) were affected by Paget's disease are presented and the radiological findings described and illustrated.The following conclusions are drawn:(1) The incidence of hand involvement is almost certainly greater than generally accepted. Absence of associated clinical abnormality, leading to infrequent radiological examination, and failure to examine the hand in postmortem studies are two reasons for this lack of appreciation.(2) Although the radiological features of Paget's disease in the hand do not differ essentially from those found elsewhere, there appears to be a preponderance of the sclerotic type of lesion, frequently of an amorphous character. The disease is modified by the relatively small size of the bones involved and by the absence of weight-bearing stresses.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-42-502-748

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Developments in treatment planning for radiation beam therapy have come mainly from the English-speaking countries, paralleling the origin and growth of hospital physics. These techniques are almost certainly the most important routine application of physical methods in the practice of radiotherapy, and it is a little surprising that this book, the first comprehensive survey of the subject, has come from Germany, and has been compiled by technical men who, it would seem, are comparative newcomers to this field of work. Indeed, the bulk of the 538 literature references cited at the end of this work are from British and North American sources, while the occurrence in the German text of such terms aspin-and-arc, back pointer, build-upandLETgive further evidence of Anglo-Saxon impact on the subject matter. Yet these authors have completed their task with a thoroughness and standard of achievement which many of us would envy—if we could read the text. It is greatly to be hoped that an English translation will soon be available, for not only is the book unique in its coverage but is also a very useful exposition of the physical foundations of treatment planning.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-42-502-752

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe degree of error in determining the sacro-pubic distance (antero-posterior diameter of pelvic inlet) when the patient is rotated depends on the shape of the pelvis. Greater degrees of rotation can be accepted in the anteriorly flat pelvis than in the pelvis which is more arcuate anteriorly. In the flat pelvis, the error with slight to moderate rotation (5–15 deg.) is minimal; in the elongated pelvis the error is greater but still small. When the patient is rotated the measured sacro-pubic dimension is almost always the same as (flat pelvis) or less than (rounded pelvis) the actual diameter on a true lateral film. Thus, there is no need to repeat the pelvimetry if the measurement on the rotated film is considered adequate clinically. A repeat would only show a sagittal diameter which is larger or the same as that on the rotated film. In the deformed pelvis, the error may be more variable.Precise calculation of the error introduced by a specific degree of rotation is impractical because of the great variety of pelvic shapes.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-42-502-753

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This is a text book on scanning which is particularly well suited to a subject which changes rapidly each year. The text has been produced in the form of loose leaves in a well-designed plastic-covered folder. It is the intention of the editors to keep abreast of new developments by issuing new and revised chapters from time to time for insertion into the folder.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-42-502-756

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe results obtained with a radiographic device offering a simple means of assessing and controlling the quality of diagnostic X-ray beams have been compared with spectra measured with a scintillation spectrometer. The comparison shows that for a range of types of X-ray generator the radiographic measurements can be interpreted in terms of the mean energy of the spectrum used. The mean energy of spectra generated by voltages between 40 and 100 kVp can be determined with an accuracy of about 1 keV. For a given tube voltage waveform it has been shown that the device can be used to indicate peak voltage (kVp).

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-42-502-757

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDirect measurements were made of the count rate over the principal areas of isotope uptake seen in 20075Seselenomethionine pancreas scans. An analysis is presented of the results from 144 patients whose diagnosis could be clearly established and in whom at least the head of the pancreas was not overlapped by the liver. These patients were grouped in four categories—control patients with no clinical evidence of pancreatic disease (60 cases), carcinoma (24), pancreatitis (45) and “pancreatic insufficiency” due to diabetes or vagotomy (15). The majority of the abnormal patients gave pancreatic count rates within the wide normal range, and taking the ratio of pancreatic to hepatic count rates had little effect on the discrimination between normal and abnormal uptake. Sources of error in this type of study are discussed and it is concluded that count rate analysis—although of some value in confirming the visual assessment made of a scan—is unlikely to be of great value in differentiating abnormal from normal pancreatic uptake of75Seselenomethionine.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-42-502-762

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY