摘要:

The use of radioactive yttrium (90Y) is reviewed as an alternative to198Au for malignant effusions. Fifteen cases were treated by intracavitary injection of a new compound, colloidal yttrium silicate. Of nine patients surviving longer than one month, six received good palliation for periods ranging from five to 19 months. The intracavitary retention and extracavitary dosage are detailed and compared with those of other yttrium preparations and with gold.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-34-402-337

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Injections of 150–200 mc of colloidal radioactive gold into the intraperitoneal space and 75–100 mc intrapleurally have been found from clinical experience to be of considerable radiotherapeutic value. It is of importance to consider how far this experience in the millicurie injection required can be transferred to similar treatments with other isotopes, and in particular to the use of colloidal90Y considered in Section I of this paper. A calculation of the probable doses given, in terms of rads, for some of the various conditions that may occur in practice may provide some contribution to the further development of this type of treatment.The integral dose delivered can readily be calculated from the half-lives of the isotope and the average β energy, but the actual dose delivered to individual tissues will depend as well on the volume of fluid in the cavity and the depth below the surface of the point considered. This variation will generally be different for different isotopes. Doses to the peritoneal tissues have been calculated for a number of different conditions and depths for gold 198, phosphorus 32 and yttrium 90.Following Walton and Sinclair (1952) for the peritoneum the colloid is considered to be diffused uniformly through the cavity fluid which is sandwiched between opposing tissue surfaces. The thickness of this fluid layer will depend on the volume of the fluid and the total surface area.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-34-402-346

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nobody interested in tumours can fail to welcome a new edition of Willis. In this edition the author states that all chapters have been revised and some 15 subjects have been altered or rewritten. The experimental production of tumours has been brought up to date and gives a good thoughtfull account of present knowledge. The section on tumours in animals is intriguing to those of us who have only the opportunity of studying man. There is a brief new account of the carcino-sarcomas and the same is true of epithelial tumours of the tibia.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-34-402-350-b

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A 24-year-old technician at a diagnostic radioisotope laboratory had an abortion in her fifth month of pregnancy. The foetus was anencephalic and had various other malformations,inter aliabilateral radius aplasia. It is concluded that the malformations can hardly be caused by the radiation exposure at the laboratory (estimated foetal dose 0·03 r).

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-34-402-351

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The 8th International Cancer Congress will take place in Moscow from July 22 to 28, 1962, under the auspices of the International Union Against Cancer. The Congress will meet at the Moscow State University (the new building on Lenin Hills), and will consider both experimental and clinical aspects of the problem.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-34-402-355

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of radiation on the differentiation of normal and oestrone-treated organ cultures of the mouse vagina was studied during growth in natural and in chemically defined medium.After explantation into either type of medium without addition of the hormone the vaginal epithelium spontaneously forms new squamous keratinising epithelium which displaces the original secretory epithelium.Addition of oestrone to the medium stimulates the growth of the new cells and hastens and increases keratin synthesis.Exposure to 300 r of X rays given one day after explantation inhibits the squamous development, suppresses keratin formation and preserves the original epithelium in both normal and oestrone-treated explants grown in natural medium.Radiation of cultures kept in defined medium fails to influence the normal squamous differentiation and keratinisation.The mechanism of radiation action is discussed in the light of the different results obtained under the two conditions.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-34-402-356

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This “handbook for the student as as well … for the advanced research worker” (preface, p.vii) consists of five chapters and two indices. Chapter 1, by Roberts Rugh (85 pages), is a description of the effects of ionizing radiations on the gonads, embryos and/or foetuses of a variety of animals including man. It is written under the title “General Biology: Gametes, the Developing Embryo, and Cellular Differentiation”, but it soon becomes clear to the reader the author is using the term differentiation in a very special and restrictive sense. “The differentiating cell”, he says, “… is normally found only in the embryo, where it is abundant” (page 38).

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-34-402-361

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The distribution of scatter outside the beam was investigated for 80 and 140 kV X rays. Scatter outside depends predominantly on geometry and self-absorption in the layer between the near edge of the beam and the point of reference. Correction for geometry is obtained by referring scatter to the angle subtended at the point of reference by the near edge. By correcting in this way absorption coefficients for scatter were determined.For a given object radiographs of the same contrast are shown to require the same surface dose. Since scatter per unit surface dose rises with kilovoltage, scatter per radiograph of the same contrast increases with higher kilovoltage. Only with reduced contrast may gonad dose be decreased.A method of calculating scatter doses outside the beam is described.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-34-402-362

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This supplement describes an investigation into the distribution and kinetics of bromide ions in adult mice, rats and rabbits. It is preliminary to a study of the effects of mastication on the digestion of food which the author hopes will be of value in the fields of odontology and dental prosthetics.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-34-402-367-b

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The radiological changes observed in 108 cases of experimentally induced avian osteopetrosis are described. The distribution of lesions in the skeleton and the age at which changes first appear in different bones is reported. It is considered that the radiological changes in the long bones may be divided into four groups. Generally the changes which develop in other parts of the skeleton resemble those in the long bones. Although 20 per cent of the birds also had soft tissue tumours it is considered unlikely that these influenced the development or type of bone lesions produced by this viral agent.The initial reaction of the long bone periosteum represents a characteristic response to any stimulus, and the radiological changes in the bird are compared with certain human bone diseases which show, in some stage of their development, a somewhat similar radiological picture.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-34-402-368

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY