摘要:

The American Cancer Society recommends a regimen for breast cancer screening that includes mammograms, clinical breast examination, and breast self-examination. Compliance with breast cancer screening guidelines has been linked to a number of barriers and facilitators. These barriers and facilitators seem to lie within the cognitive framework and generalized beliefs of women, and in the situational contexts in which they lead their lives. A comprehensive study was designed to investigate variables related to breast cancer screening behaviors (breast self-examination, mammography, and clinical breast examination) of working women ≥ 35 years of age at their worksite environments. A factor analysis identified similar sets of composite variables related to each of the screening modalities, and a discriminant analysis was performed for each screening technique to identify those variables that were most significant in predicting compliance with screening guidelines. The variables discomfort, perceived efficacy, and desire for control over health were significant for all three screening behaviors. Perceived importance was identified as a fourth variable for mammography and clinical breast examination, and lack of knowledge was a fourth variable for breast self-examination. Effective breast cancer screening programs involve all three screening techniques. In the design of education and intervention programs at worksites, it is critical to emphasize the commonalities of the variables that emerged in this study as important for each screening technique.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of selected predisposing and enabling characteristics of women ≥50 years of age to mammography utilization. Andersen and Aday's theoretical model for health services utilization guided data collection. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 161 women members of four urban churches, using a mailed survey. Results showed that 81% reported at least one mammogram and 24% had followed mammography guidelines for the preceding 3 years. Results of logistic regression analyses with variables having a bivariate significance of p ≤ 0.01 showed that higher income was associated with both ever having a mammogram and adherence. Willingness to pay >$50 out of pocket for a mammogram was significant for 3 year adherence. Additionally, the sociodemographic variables of age and religion were associated with adherence, whereas a college education was highly significant (odds ratio = 13.78) for ever having a mammogram. Having a regular place for health care and having yearly Papanicolaou tests were associated with ever having a mammogram, but not adherence. Finally, intending to get a mammogram was associated with ever having a mammogram. In this study, belief and knowledge variables showed no association with utilization, and social influence had bivariate significance only for ever having a mammogram. This study suggests the importance of addressing economic and health-care delivery system factors to promote increased mammography utilization, particularly for older women.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This exploratory study examines the situation of a heterogeneous group of 46 cancer patients from one general hospital in the Stockholm area who were diagnosed with a malignant disease in 1987. Forty-six patients were interviewed to determine how they experience and cope with their sickness. Although age-related issues were not directly addressed by the interviewer, they were frequently commented upon by the respondents. A questionnaire was also used to quantify various psychosocial aspects of the individual's cancer experience. Quantitative and qualitative data were used in a complementary fashion. The patients interviewed ranged in age from 29 to 88 years (median 61). Issues related to age were frequently addressed spontaneously by the interviewed persons, which led to further exploration of age-related aspects of care. Although few age-related differences in symptom distress were found, some differences were seen in patients' perceptions of the response of the professional health-care system. The older patients related that they have less quantitative contact with specialized formal resources, and perceive less sense of engagement and concern from the professional health-care sector. The qualitative analysis suggests that age may be used by patients as an explanatory factor in a variety of situations, functioning as a means of “making sense” of sickness experiences.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Percutaneous hepatic arterial chemotherapy and chemoembolization are treatment options for patients who have been diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinomas or with metastatic carcinomas of the liver. Nursing care of these patients is challenging and complex. Patients present with varying symptoms of the disease, and progression requires varying degrees of intervention. Some patients may have already had systemic chemotherapy, and others may be facing their first experience with chemotherapy. Patient and family education requires presentation of correct, thorough information on an ongoing basis. To care for these patients, the nurse must understand the techniques of chemoembolization and hepatic arterial chemotherapy administration. This article addresses the introduction of hepatic arterial chemotherapy through the process of chemoembolization, as well as the nursing management to be considered throughout the treatment.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Antineoplastic drug handling in the absence of adequate protective measures has been associated with biological uptake of the drugs among pharmacists and nurses. This study investigated the association between occupational exposure to antineoplastics and the presence of acute symptoms in a nationwide sample of 2,048 nurses and nurses' aides. Reported skin contact with the drugs was associated with a small but statistically significant increase in reported symptoms. Although number of doses handled and extent of protection used were significantly associated with number of symptoms, their effect was not independent of skin contact.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Nursing strategy for patients' initial emotional response to cancer was conducted with five clients and evaluated for effectiveness using a case study approach. This clinical evaluation of a management strategy was conducted in an acute-care setting during the phase of initiating a therapeutic relationship. The nurse identified stressors, support systems, usual coping strategies, and level of knowledge about the disease. Two meetings a week were conducted with each client during hospitalization. Evaluation was completed on four of the five clients. The management strategy facilitated beginning reintegration of body, mind, and spirit resulting in a smoother transition phase. The aim of this protocol was to initiate effective coping responses to a potentially devastating diagnosis.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This naturalistic field study was designed to explore the patient's perspective of the nature, meaning, and impact of empathic relationships with hospice nurses. The findings are part of a larger study, focused on the meaning and impact of empathic relationships that develop between hospice nurses and their patients. Data were generated through in-depth interviews with 14 terminally ill adults receiving home-based hospice care. According to the hospice patient, an empathic relationship developed through a process of reciprocal sharing and revealing of personhood within a context of caring and acceptance. The experience of an empathic relationship meant being acknowledged as an individual, a person of value. The outcome of the empathic relationships between hospice nurses and their patients was the improvement and maintenance of patients' physical and emotional well-being. Understanding the patient's perspective is critical for effective nursing interventions and meaningful outcomes. Future research needs to explore empathic relationships between the nurse and family caregivers in various settings.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We examined the phenomenon of dyspnea during the last weeks of life as it is experienced by patients with cancer and understood by the nurses providing their care. The literature on late-stage cancer suggests a discrepancy between the prevalence of this symptom and the degree to which it is considered clinically significant. Using a range of descriptive and interpretive approaches, we sought to interpret that discrepancy through an understanding of how patients and nurses interpret the nature and meaning of this serious and distressing symptom. Data sources included a pencil-and-paper survey of late-stage cancer patients, chart audit of a population of late-stage cancer patients in a metropolitan home-care hospice program, and intensive interviews with selected patients and nurses. The findings showed that although dyspnea seems to be a significant clinical problem for patients in late-stage cancer, and although effective intervention and management strategies are available, dyspnea often goes unreported by patients and unnoticed by healthcare professionals.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID