摘要:

Tamoxifen a synthetic antiestrogen, has been used in the treatment of all stages of breast cancer. The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) is now in the process of evaluating the role of tamoxifen in the prevention of breast cancer (NSABP P-1 trial). Beneficial effects of tamoxifen in reducing coronary artery disease and preventing bone fractures in postmenopausal women will also be examined. Adjuvant therapy trials conducted during the 1980s provided extensive data on the biologic and possibly toxic effects of tamoxifen. These trials laid the groundwork to support the benefits and risks of the present preventional trial. The NSABP P-1 trial population of 16,000 participants will consist of women ≥ 60 years of age and women 35–39 years old who are at increased risk for developing breast cancer. Nursing will play an important role in educating the public and counseling possible trial participants. Nurses-monitoring the progress of this trial may witness the use of tamoxifen therapy come full cycle—from a palliative agent used in advanced breast cancer to a therapeutic agent that prevents the development of breast cancer.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The cause of breast cancer remains unknown. Because prevention is not an option, early detection is the most viable alternative for decreasing the mortality rates from breast cancer. To promote early detection, the Arkansas Division of the American Cancer Society implemented a project aimed at increasing public awareness. The project used a three-pronged approach: the life-saving benefits of mammography, regular breast examination by a health-care professional, and the importance of regular breast self-examination (BSE). This article focuses on the third prong, BSE. Project members recruited and trained 408 BSE instructors in the Mamma Care method of BSE and contacted a total of 87,141 Arkansas women about breast cancer and the importance of early detection. In a follow-up survey of 1,300 women, of the 198 (15%) who returned the surveys, two women reported finding lumps that were diagnosed as cancer.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to explore the daily lived experience of women who have survived breast cancer beyond 5 years without recurrence. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to collect and analyze the stories of 25 women, 40–78 years of age, with 5–26 years of survival time. Informants participated in three interviews that were transcribed and analyzed. Informants described “going through” a survival process that involved movement through several phases. The phases included interpreting the diagnosis, confronting mortality, reprioritizing, coming to terms, moving on, and flashing back. Phases were interpreted within the context of informants' backgrounds, sources of meaning, and explanatory models of understanding illness. Many informants described the emergence of a more authentic self as a result of the cancer experience. Many informants emerged from the cancer experience with a clearer sense of self, gratitude for life, and strength and confidence in their ability to manage life crises. Findings suggest that care might best be provided by understanding the context of each person's life.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ifosfamide is an antineoplastic drug with efficacy and activity in numerous cancers. This drug can be administered safely in a hospital setting if toxicities and side effects are monitored frequently by a well-informed and educated nursing staff. Problems may occur in any bodily system, such as the kidney, central nervous system (CNS), gastrointestinal tract, and bone marrow. This article reviews appropriate ways to monitor for complications and plan correct nursing interventions. Ifosfamide (Ifex, Mead Johnson) is an alkylating agent that is not cell cycle specific. One of its metabolites, acrolein is responsible for hematuria. Concurrent administration of mesna (Mesnex, Mead Johnson) is used to prevent this complication. The metabolite chloracetaldehyde may be responsible for CNS toxicities. When kidney function and electrolytes are within normal limits and psychotropic medications are not given concomitantly, this rarely occurs. Gastrointestinal toxicities are usually not severe, hut may include occasional nausea and vomiting. Hematologic toxicity includes platelet-sparing myelosuppression, which can be successfully supported with the administration of growth factors.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The medical and nursing literature suggests a wide variety of pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to treatment of acute radiation skin damages (erythema, dry and moist desquamation, ulceration), but no specific and standardized therapy. The incidence of radiodermatitis has decreased with mega-voltage instruments, but it can nevertheless influence the therapeutic program and impair quality of life of patients. A study has been conducted to evaluate the tolerability and effectiveness of a nonpharmacological remedy, a mixture of hydrophobic (stearic acid) and hydrophilic (propilene glycol, glycerol, and polyunsaturated alcohols) components in a foam emulsion for the treatment of acute skin injuries following radiotherapy. Thirty-eight of 42 initial patients were evaluable: we observed a complete response in 22 (57.9%), improvement in 14 (36.8%), and failure in only two (5.3%).

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The goal of radiation therapy in pediatric cancer is to destroy cancer cells and preserve functional surrounding normal cells. Although all radiation for pediatric cancers does not result in complications of the eye, acute and long-term radiation effects can occur after treatment. Acute radiation effects to the eye include erythema, epilation conjunctivitis, dermatitis, keratitis, corneal ulceration, iritis, and retinal edema. Long-term radiation effects include tissue necrosis, decreased tear production, telangiectasia, scleral melting, cataract, corneal neovascularization, radiation retinopathy, retarded hone growth (of bones within the irradiated field), and radiation-induced cancers. Nursing interventions and implications will be presented in conjunction with medical management for each of these acute and long-term effects.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This descriptive/exploratory study examined the concerns of families of patients with head and neck cancer. A convenience sample from a metropolitan hospital included four families. Data were collected through semistructured interviews, observations, and chart reviews over three time periods (before treatment, during treatment, and during rehabilitation) over a period of 5 months. Analysis of data showed Jive major types of concerns: cancer and its meaning, social relations, experience with hospitalization, treatment, and future placement. Findings showed that the types of concerns related to head and neck cancer are perceived as threatening and harmful. Concerns among patients were different from those of their family members across the different time periods. Our findings are useful in helping nurses understand the experience of head and neck cancer from the perspectives of the patient and their family members, and impact on their successful adjustment.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A qualitative study was conducted to obtain a deeper understanding of the hospice care of terminally ill cancer patients, where care was delivered via a primary nursing system combined with a team setting. Relatives of terminally ill cancer patients (n = 20) and the personnel (n = 8) participated in open-ended interviews. Phenomena relating to the philosophy of primary nursing and the hospice movement (continuity: closeness: accountability 24 h/day: individualized care: satisfied physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs: and support to relatives) were experienced by the relatives, nurses, and physician as “good care.” Most of the phenomena defined as important needs by the relatives and personnel were met when the primary nurse was on duty and the team was intact. Needs that were unmet were mainly a result of lack of continuity. Caring for the terminally ill via primary nursing in a team setting was regarded as two-sided by the nurses. It was seen as stimulating and rewarding, as well as demanding and burdensome. Therefore, the need for support to the nurses involved was deeply stressed.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID